Schnettler Berta, Lobos Germán, Lapo María Del Carmen, Adasme-Berríos Cristian, Hueche Clementina
Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales. Universidad de La Frontera. Chile.
Nutr Hosp. 2017 Feb 1;34(1):65-72. doi: 10.20960/nh.977.
To distinguish typologies of seniors according to their levels of satisfaction with life and food-related life, and to characterize them according to the importance assigned to family, health-related aspects, eating habits, nutritional status and sociodemographic characteristics.
A survey was administered to a non-probabilistic sample of 817 seniors aged 60 years and over, of both genders, resident in urban and rural zones of the province of Guayas, Ecuador. The instrument included: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFL), the Health-related Quality of Life Index (HRQOL-4) and the Family Importance Scale (FIS). Eating habits, sociodemographic variables, approximate weight and height were asked about.
A cluster analysis was used to distinguish three typologies that differed significantly in the scores on the SWLS, SWFL, FIS, number of days with mental health problems, self-perception of health status, body mass index, eating habits and zone of residence. Two typologies presented high levels of satisfaction with life and food-related life, although the variables associated with overall well-being and in the food domain were different in each typology.
The results suggest that high levels of satisfaction with life and food-related life in Ecuadorian seniors are associated with both healthful eating habits and having lunch in company, fewer mental health problems and greater importance assigned to family.
根据老年人对生活和与食物相关生活的满意度水平区分其类型，并根据他们对家庭、健康相关方面、饮食习惯、营养状况和社会人口学特征的重视程度对其进行特征描述。
对居住在厄瓜多尔瓜亚斯省城乡地区的817名60岁及以上的老年人进行了非概率抽样调查，男女不限。调查工具包括：生活满意度量表（SWLS）、与食物相关生活的满意度量表（SWFL）、健康相关生活质量指数（HRQOL - 4）和家庭重要性量表（FIS）。询问了饮食习惯、社会人口学变量、大致体重和身高。
采用聚类分析区分出三种类型，这些类型在SWLS、SWFL、FIS得分、出现心理健康问题的天数、健康状况自我认知、体重指数、饮食习惯和居住区域方面存在显著差异。两种类型对生活和与食物相关的生活表现出较高的满意度，尽管每种类型中与总体幸福感和食物领域相关的变量有所不同。
结果表明，厄瓜多尔老年人对生活和与食物相关生活的高度满意度与健康的饮食习惯、结伴共进午餐、较少的心理健康问题以及对家庭的更高重视程度有关。
