Rujeni Nadine, Morona Domenica, Ruberanziza Eugene, Mazigo Humphrey D
Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, P.O. Box 3286, Nyarugenge, Rwanda.
Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Infect Dis Poverty. 2017 Mar 1;6(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s40249-016-0212-z.
Even though Rwanda lies within a region that has a high prevalence of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections, epidemiological information regarding these infections in the country remains scarce. The present review attempts to compile the available data on schistosomiasis and STHs, from 1940 to 2014, to provide an insight on the epidemiological profile of these infections. This information will, in turn, support the design and implementation of sustainable control measures. The available records indicate that only Schistosoma mansoni and all the major species of STHs are endemic in Rwanda. In 2008, the national prevalence of S. mansoni was reported to be 2.7%, ranging from 0 to 69.5%, and that of STH infections was 65.8% (diagnosed using the Kato-Katz technique). The prevalence of these infections varies from one district to another, with schoolchildren remaining a highly affected group. The main control approach is mass drug administration using albendazole and praziquantel, mostly targeting school-aged children in school environments. In 2008, adult individuals living in areas with a prevalence of S. mansoni ≥30% were also included in the mass drug administration programme. However, despite Rwanda achieving an almost 100% coverage of this programme in 2008-2010, the transmission of S. mansoni and STHs continues to take place, as illustrated by the most recent surveys. If Rwanda is to achieve sustainable control and elimination of schistosomiasis and STHs, there is a need to revise the country's control strategy and adopt an integrated control approach that involves a combination of measures.
尽管卢旺达位于血吸虫病和土壤传播蠕虫（STH）感染高发地区，但该国关于这些感染的流行病学信息仍然匮乏。本综述试图汇编1940年至2014年期间有关血吸虫病和STH的现有数据，以深入了解这些感染的流行病学概况。这些信息反过来将支持可持续控制措施的设计和实施。现有记录表明，只有曼氏血吸虫和所有主要的STH种类在卢旺达流行。2008年，据报告曼氏血吸虫的全国流行率为2.7%，范围在0至69.5%之间，STH感染的流行率为65.8%（采用加藤厚涂片法诊断）。这些感染的流行率因地区而异，学龄儿童仍然是受影响严重的群体。主要的控制方法是使用阿苯达唑和吡喹酮进行群体药物给药，主要针对学校环境中的学龄儿童。2008年，曼氏血吸虫流行率≥30%地区的成年人也被纳入群体药物给药计划。然而，尽管卢旺达在2008 - 2010年期间该计划的覆盖率几乎达到100%，但正如最近的调查所示，曼氏血吸虫和STH的传播仍在继续。如果卢旺达要实现血吸虫病和STH的可持续控制和消除，就需要修订该国的控制战略，并采用包括多种措施组合的综合控制方法。
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