Marcus U
Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 1999 Jul;42(7):553-557. doi: 10.1007/s001030050154.
The proportion of women among people with HIV infection and AIDS in Germany is considerably smaller than the proportion of men. The differential extent of the HIV epidemic in women in developed and developing countries is caused by certain social, cultural and economic conditions. During the course of the HIV epidemic in Germany the proportion of females among the infected persons has increased slowly, but steadily and has reached 20% by now. Also the transmission risks have changed. In the beginning of the epidemic the majority of women with HIV infection were IDU (intravenous drug users), since the nineties the majority has been infected by heterosexual intercourse. Despite the increase of HIV infected females the number of perinatally infected children has been decreasing in the last five years. This is because a combination of antiretroviral prophylactic therapy with primary cesarean section as the mode of delivery has been established as the standard procedure in Germany. With this procedure the transmission risk from mother to children declined to below 2%. Because these measures can only be used, if the HIV status of the pregnant women is known, HIV antibody testing with adequate counselling should be offered to all pregnant women.
在德国，感染艾滋病毒和患艾滋病的人群中女性所占比例远低于男性。发达国家和发展中国家女性感染艾滋病毒的程度差异是由某些社会、文化和经济状况造成的。在德国艾滋病毒流行过程中，感染者中女性的比例增长缓慢，但持续上升，目前已达到20%。传播风险也发生了变化。在疫情初期，大多数感染艾滋病毒的女性是静脉注射吸毒者，自九十年代以来，大多数女性是通过异性性行为感染的。尽管感染艾滋病毒的女性数量有所增加，但在过去五年中，围产期感染儿童的数量一直在减少。这是因为在德国，抗逆转录病毒预防性治疗与剖宫产作为分娩方式相结合已被确立为标准程序。通过这种程序，母婴传播风险降至2%以下。由于只有在知道孕妇的艾滋病毒感染状况时才能采取这些措施，所以应该为所有孕妇提供艾滋病毒抗体检测及适当的咨询服务。
