Hughes Emily, Shymansky Tamila, Swinton Erin, Lukowiak Kai S, Swinton Cayley, Sunada Hiroshi, Protheroe Amy, Phillips Iain, Lukowiak Ken
Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
J Exp Biol. 2017 Mar 1;220(Pt 5):891-899. doi: 10.1242/jeb.149161.
Stress alters the ability to form, recall and maintain memory according to the Yerkes-Dodson/Hebb (YDH) law. The effects of environmentally relevant stressors, such as low environmental calcium and crowding, on learning and memory have previously been described in a laboratory-reared 'average' strain of (i.e. the Dutch strain) as well as two strains of freshly collected with enhanced memory formation abilities (i.e. 'smart' snails). Here, we use to study the effects of other environmentally relevant stressors on memory formation in two other strains of freshly collected snails, one 'smart' and one 'average'. The stressors we examined are thermal, resource restriction combined with food odour, predator detection and, for the first time, tissue injury (shell damage). We show that the same stressor has significantly different effects on memory formation depending on whether snails are 'smart' or 'average'. Specifically, our data suggest that a stressor or a combination of stressors act to enhance memory in 'average' snails but obstruct memory formation in 'smart' snails. These results are consistent with the YDH law and our hypothesis that 'smart' snails are more easily stressed than 'average' snails.
根据耶基斯-多德森/赫布（YDH）定律，压力会改变形成、回忆和维持记忆的能力。先前已在实验室饲养的“普通”品系（即荷兰品系）以及两种具有增强记忆形成能力的新采集品系（即“聪明”蜗牛）中描述了环境相关应激源，如低环境钙和拥挤对学习和记忆的影响。在这里，我们使用新采集的另外两种蜗牛品系，一种“聪明”和一种“普通”，来研究其他环境相关应激源对记忆形成的影响。我们研究的应激源包括热、资源限制与食物气味、捕食者检测，以及首次涉及的组织损伤（壳损伤）。我们表明，同一应激源对记忆形成的影响因蜗牛是“聪明”还是“普通”而有显著差异。具体而言，我们的数据表明，一种应激源或多种应激源的组合会增强“普通”蜗牛的记忆，但会阻碍“聪明”蜗牛的记忆形成。这些结果与YDH定律以及我们的假设一致，即“聪明”蜗牛比“普通”蜗牛更容易受到压力影响。
