Rodrigues A P, Pinto P, Nunes B, Bárbara C
Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal.
Programa Nacional para as Doenças Respiratórias, Direção-Geral da Saúde, Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
Rev Port Pneumol (2006). 2017 Mar-Apr;23(2):57-61. doi: 10.1016/j.rppnen.2017.01.002. Epub 2017 Feb 21.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent episodes of apnea and hypopnea, secondary to collapse of the upper airways during sleep. OSA is frequently associated to cardiovascular complications. In Portugal, its magnitude is unknown.
In 2014 a cross-sectional study was performed using the Portuguese General Practitioner (GP) Sentinel Network (Rede Médicos Sentinela). Participants GP reported all OSA cases diagnosed and registered in their lists of users on the 31 December 2013. Frequency of OSA has been estimated by sex and age. OSA patients were also characterized by method of diagnosis, treatment, and underlying conditions. Association between risk factors and severe OSA (odds ratio) was calculated using a logistic regression model adjusting confounding.
Prevalence of OSA on the population aged 25 years or more was 0.89% (95 CI: 0.80-1.00%); it was higher in males 1.47% (95 CI: 1.30-1.67%) and in those aged between 65 and 74 (2.35%). Most had severe OSA (48.4%). Hypertension (75.9%), obesity (74.2%) and diabetes mellitus (34.1%) were the most frequent comorbidities. Being a male (OR: 2.6; 95 CI: 1.2-5.8) and having obesity (OR: 4.0; 95 CI: 1.8-8.6) were associated with an increased risk of severe OSA.
Found frequency of OSA was lower than other countries estimates, which may be explained by differences on case definition but can also suggest underdiagnosis of this condition as reported by other authors.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）的特征是睡眠期间上呼吸道反复出现呼吸暂停和呼吸不足，继发于上呼吸道塌陷。OSA常与心血管并发症相关。在葡萄牙，其严重程度尚不清楚。
2014年，利用葡萄牙全科医生哨点网络开展了一项横断面研究。参与研究的全科医生报告了2013年12月31日在其用户名单中诊断和登记的所有OSA病例。按性别和年龄估算了OSA的发生率。还对OSA患者的诊断方法、治疗情况和基础疾病进行了特征描述。使用调整混杂因素的逻辑回归模型计算危险因素与重度OSA之间的关联（比值比）。
25岁及以上人群中OSA的患病率为0.89%（95%置信区间：0.80-1.00%）；男性患病率较高，为1.47%（95%置信区间：1.30-1.67%），65至74岁人群中患病率为2.35%。大多数患者患有重度OSA（48.4%）。高血压（75.9%）、肥胖（74.2%）和糖尿病（34.1%）是最常见的合并症。男性（比值比：2.6；95%置信区间：1.2-5.8）和肥胖（比值比：4.0；95%置信区间：1.8-8.6）与重度OSA风险增加相关。
发现的OSA发生率低于其他国家的估计值，这可能是由于病例定义不同，但也可能如其他作者所报告的那样，提示该病存在诊断不足的情况。
