Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, CRC, SUS Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2017 Nov 15;456:95-101. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.043. Epub 2017 Feb 27.
The pathophysiology of diabetes is complex and recent research put focus on the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and the insulin-secreting beta cells as central in the development of the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), the small non-coding RNAs regulating post-transcriptional gene expression, are significant regulators of beta cell function. One of the most abundant miRNAs in the islets is miR-375. This review focus on the role of miR-375 in beta cell function, including effects in development and differentiation, proliferation and regulation of insulin secretion. It also discusses the regulation of miR-375 expression, miR-375 as a potential circulating biomarker in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and the need for the beta cell to keep expression of miR-375 within optimal levels. The summed picture of miR-375 is a miRNA with multiple functions with importance in the formation of beta cell identity, control of beta cell mass and regulation of insulin secretion.
糖尿病的病理生理学较为复杂，最近的研究将重点放在胰岛的朗格汉斯胰岛和胰岛素分泌β细胞上，认为其在疾病的发生发展中起核心作用。微小 RNA（miRNA）是一种调节转录后基因表达的小非编码 RNA，是β细胞功能的重要调节因子。在胰岛中含量最丰富的 miRNA 之一是 miR-375。本综述重点介绍了 miR-375 在β细胞功能中的作用，包括在发育和分化、增殖和胰岛素分泌调节中的作用。还讨论了 miR-375 表达的调节、miR-375 作为 1 型和 2 型糖尿病潜在循环生物标志物的作用，以及β细胞维持 miR-375 表达处于最佳水平的必要性。综上所述，miR-375 是一种具有多种功能的 miRNA，对β细胞特征的形成、β细胞数量的控制和胰岛素分泌的调节具有重要意义。
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