School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2018 Jan;46(1):113-125. doi: 10.1007/s10802-017-0284-7.
The aims of the current study were to (i) explore the potential bidirectional, prospective relationships between parenting and child ADHD, and (ii) explore whether these relationships differed on the basis of child gender. Data were obtained from waves 1 (children aged 4- to 5-years) to 5 (children aged 12- to 13-years) of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Child (LSAC) dataset (child cohort). In order to examine dimensions of both mothers' and fathers' parenting, a subsample of nuclear families with mothers, fathers and children present at all waves was extracted (final sample = 1932; sons = 981, daughters = 951). Child ADHD measures included the hyperactive-impulsive subscale of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire for symptoms, and parent-report question for diagnosis. Mothers and fathers completed scales on dimensions of Angry, Warm and Consistent Parenting. A cross-lagged panel model demonstrated (i) higher child ADHD symptoms at wave 1 led to a global increase in less-than-optimal parenting at wave 2, and (ii) child ADHD symptoms and Angry Parenting shared a prospective, bi-directional relationship (whereby increases in one predicted increases in the other over time) during earlier years of development. Latent growth curve models demonstrated that increases in Angry Parenting across time were significantly predicted by increases in child ADHD symptoms. A logistic regression demonstrated that both mothers' and fathers' Angry Parenting at wave 1 significantly predicted an ADHD diagnosis in children at wave 3. No predictive relationships differed between child genders; thus, it appears these prospective pathways are similar for both sons and daughters.
(i) 探索亲职与儿童 ADHD 之间潜在的双向、前瞻性关系，以及 (ii) 探索这些关系是否基于儿童性别而有所不同。数据来自澳大利亚儿童纵向研究（LSAC）数据集（儿童队列）的第 1 波（4 至 5 岁儿童）至第 5 波（12 至 13 岁儿童）。为了检验母亲和父亲教养的各个维度，从所有波次均有母亲、父亲和儿童的核心家庭中抽取了一个亚样本（最终样本量=1932；男孩=981，女孩=951）。儿童 ADHD 测量包括症状优势与困难问卷的多动冲动分量表，以及父母报告的诊断问题。母亲和父亲完成了愤怒、温暖和一致教养维度的量表。交叉滞后面板模型表明：(i) 第 1 波儿童 ADHD 症状较高导致第 2 波非理想教养水平整体增加，以及 (ii) ADHD 症状和愤怒教养之间存在前瞻性、双向关系（即随着时间的推移，一方的增加预测另一方的增加）。潜在增长曲线模型表明，随着时间的推移，愤怒教养的增加显著预测了儿童 ADHD 症状的增加。逻辑回归表明，第 1 波母亲和父亲的愤怒教养均显著预测了第 3 波儿童的 ADHD 诊断。儿童性别之间没有预测关系的差异；因此，这些前瞻性途径似乎对儿子和女儿都是相似的。
