Čadová Michaela, Havránková Renata, Havránek Jiří, Zölzer Friedo
Institute of Radiology, Toxicology and Civil Protection, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, J. Boreckého 1167/27, 370 11, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
Radiat Environ Biophys. 2017 May;56(2):167-175. doi: 10.1007/s00411-017-0684-7. Epub 2017 Mar 3.
Cs is one of the most important radionuclides released in the course of atmospheric nuclear weapon tests and during accidents in nuclear power plants such as that in Chernobyl, Ukraine, or Fukushima, Japan. The aim of this study was to compare Cs and K concentrations in particular species of mushrooms from selected locations in the Bohemian Forest (Czech: Šumava), Czech Republic, where a considerable contamination from the Chernobyl accident had been measured in 1986. Samples were collected between June and October 2014. Activities of Cs and K per dry mass were measured by means of a semiconductor gamma spectrometer. The Cs values measured range from below detection limit to 4300 ± 20 Bq kg, in the case of K from 910 ± 80 to 4300 ± 230 Bq kg. Differences were found between individual locations, due to uneven precipitation in the course of the movement of the radioactive cloud after the Chernobyl accident. There are, however, also differences between individual species of mushrooms from identical locations, which inter alia result from different characteristics of the soil and depths of mycelia. The values measured are compared with established limits and exposures from other radiation sources present in the environment. In general, it can be stated that the values measured are relatively low and the effects on the health of the population are negligible compared to other sources of ionizing radiation.
铯是在大气层核武器试验以及核电站事故（如乌克兰切尔诺贝利事故或日本福岛事故）过程中释放的最重要的放射性核素之一。本研究的目的是比较来自捷克共和国波希米亚森林（捷克语：舒马瓦）选定地点的特定蘑菇物种中的铯和钾浓度，1986年在该地区检测到了来自切尔诺贝利事故的大量污染。样本于2014年6月至10月采集。通过半导体伽马能谱仪测量每单位干质量的铯和钾活度。铯的测量值范围从低于检测限到4300±20贝克勒尔/千克，钾的测量值范围从910±80到4300±230贝克勒尔/千克。由于切尔诺贝利事故后放射性云移动过程中降水不均，各地点之间存在差异。然而，同一地点的不同蘑菇物种之间也存在差异，这尤其源于土壤特性和菌丝体深度的不同。将测量值与既定限值以及环境中存在的其他辐射源的暴露量进行比较。总体而言，可以说测量值相对较低，与其他电离辐射源相比，对人群健康的影响可以忽略不计。
