Škrkal J, Rulík P, Fantínová K, Burianová J, Helebrant J
SÚRO (National Radiation Protection Institute), Bartoškova 28, 140 00 Praha, Czech Republic.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2013 Dec;157(4):579-84. doi: 10.1093/rpd/nct172. Epub 2013 Jul 9.
This paper reports on results of activity mass concentration analyses performed in various forest mushrooms in the Czech Republic within 1986 and 2011. The estimated effective half-life of (137)Cs and its environmental half-life (i.e. the effective half-life minus the effect of physical decay) were found to be 5.6 ± 0.6 and 6.9 ± 0.7 y, respectively. Non-homogeneity in (137)Cs surface contamination over the country's territory and fungus species-based (137)Cs accumulation capacity then account for a span of up to 4 orders of magnitude in activity mass concentrations measured each year after the Chernobyl accident. The highest geometric activity mass concentration (Bq kg(-1) of dry weight) means of (137)Cs (obtained from samples between years 2004 and 2011) were measured in Suillaceae (1050 Bq kg(-1)) and Boletus badius (930 Bq kg(-1)), the lowest in Agaricus (1 Bq kg(-1)). The geometric mean of all mushrooms amounted to 230 Bq kg(-1), being 440 Bq kg(-1) in Boletales, 150 Bq kg(-1) in Russulales and 21 Bq kg(-1) in Agaricales. Geometric standard deviation levels were generally high. The highest Cs accumulation capacity was observed in Boletales (namely in Suillaceae), while the lowest in Agaricales, being over 3 orders of magnitude lower than in Suillaceae.
本文报道了1986年至2011年期间在捷克共和国对各种森林蘑菇进行的放射性活度质量浓度分析结果。(137)Cs的估计有效半衰期及其环境半衰期（即有效半衰期减去物理衰变的影响）分别为5.6±0.6年和6.9±0.7年。该国领土上(137)Cs表面污染的不均匀性以及基于真菌物种的(137)Cs积累能力，导致切尔诺贝利事故后每年测量的放射性活度质量浓度跨度高达4个数量级。(137)Cs的最高几何放射性活度质量浓度（干重Bq kg(-1)）平均值（从2004年至2011年的样本中获得）在牛肝菌科（1050 Bq kg(-1)）和红绒盖牛肝菌（930 Bq kg(-1)）中测得，最低的是蘑菇属（1 Bq kg(-1)）。所有蘑菇的几何平均值为230 Bq kg(-1)，牛肝菌目中为440 Bq kg(-1)，红菇目中为150 Bq kg(-1)，伞菌目中为21 Bq kg(-1)。几何标准偏差水平普遍较高。在牛肝菌目（即牛肝菌科）中观察到最高的Cs积累能力，而在伞菌目中最低，比牛肝菌科低3个多数量级。
