Ruiz-Jiménez Ana L, González-Coloma Azucena, Andrés-Yeves Mari Fe, Ruiz-Sánchez Esaú, Heredia Gabriela, Peraza-Sánchez Sergio R, Medina-Baizabal Irma L, Reyes-Estebanez Manuela, Canto-Canché Blondy, Gamboa-Angulo Marcela
Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, AC, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
Departamento de Ciencias Agrícolas-CCMA, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
Rev Argent Microbiol. 2017 Jan-Mar;49(1):83-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ram.2016.08.009. Epub 2017 Mar 1.
Fungal metabolites are promising alternatives for the development of biorational pesticides. In this sense, microfungi from tropical regions are valuable sources of natural compounds for pest management. With the aim of broadening the search for new eco-friendly products to manage plant pests, this study was carried out to evaluate the biological activity of 23 tropical fungal extracts on three species of phytophagous insects and a plant parasitic nematode. In addition, the active principles of the most effective extract were identified. The insect deterrent activity of fungal extracts was evaluated on the settling of aphids Myzus persicae and Rhopalosiphum padi, and on the feeding of lepidoptera larva Spodoptera littoralis; the nematostatic activity was evaluated on the mobility of Meloidogyne javanica. Active metabolites from Gliomastix masseei were identified by GC-MS techniques and by comparison with commercial standards. Results showed seven extracts with strong effect on the settling of M. persicae and R. padi (settling inhibition >80%). The calculated median of effective concentration (EC) values ranged from 8 to 38μg/cm for the extracts of Clonostachys rosea and G. masseei, respectively. Bioassay-guided separation of the ethyl acetate extract of G. masseei revealed the presence of fatty acids and their derivatives, where methyl 9-octadecenoate was the most active compound with EC values of 16μg and 35μg/cm for M. persicae and R. padi, respectively. Extracts of C. rosea and G. masseei could be a promising option in the control of pest aphids in agriculture.
真菌代谢产物是开发生物合理农药的有前景的替代品。从这个意义上说，来自热带地区的微真菌是用于害虫管理的天然化合物的宝贵来源。为了扩大对用于管理植物害虫的新型环保产品的搜索范围，本研究旨在评估23种热带真菌提取物对三种植食性昆虫和一种植物寄生线虫的生物活性。此外，还鉴定了最有效提取物的活性成分。在桃蚜和禾谷缢管蚜的定殖以及鳞翅目幼虫滨海斜纹夜蛾的取食上评估了真菌提取物的驱避活性；在爪哇根结线虫的移动性上评估了抑菌活性。通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术并与商业标准品比较，鉴定了马斯胶质霉的活性代谢产物。结果显示有七种提取物对桃蚜和禾谷缢管蚜的定殖有强烈影响（定殖抑制>80%）。对于粉红粘帚霉和马斯胶质霉的提取物，计算得出的有效浓度（EC）值中位数分别为8至38μg/cm。对马斯胶质霉乙酸乙酯提取物进行生物测定导向的分离，发现了脂肪酸及其衍生物的存在，其中9-十八碳烯酸甲酯是最具活性的化合物，对桃蚜和禾谷缢管蚜的EC值分别为1μg和35μg/cm。粉红粘帚霉和马斯胶质霉的提取物可能是农业中防治害虫蚜虫的一个有前景的选择。
