Rajeh Adnan, Amanullah Shabbir, Shivakumar K, Cole Julie
Observer at Child and Parent Resource Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Observer at Petrolia Family Medical Centre, Ontario, Canada.
University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Asian J Psychiatr. 2017 Feb;25:131-135. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.09.005. Epub 2016 Sep 12.
ADHD has a prevalence of approximately 10% in children with evidence supporting it's continuance into adulthood. This has a significant impact on how we address treatment at substance abuse facilities and also has implications for personal and occupational functioning. A lack of evidence to support the superiority of any one intervention over the other has created difficulties for both clinicians and parents. A recent review highlights long-term and short-term outcomes (Craig et al., 2015). This article reviews the benefits and pitfalls of both pharmacological interventions and behavioral therapies in the treatment of ADHD. Key articles were reviewed on the benefits and side effects of stimulants, the methods and benefits of behavioral interventions, and the effects of combination therapy. Google Scholar, PsychINFO, Medline, Cochrane, and CINAHL were searched with the following search words: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD, Stimulant Medication, Behavioral Interventions, Combination Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, Functioning and Growth. It was found that stimulants are very effective during the period in which they are taken. While short term benefits are clear, longer term ones are not. Behavioral interventions play a key role for long-term improvement of executive functioning and organizational skills. There is a paucity of long-term randomized placebo controlled studies and current literature is inconclusive on what is the preferred intervention.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）在儿童中的患病率约为10%，有证据表明其会持续至成年期。这对我们在药物滥用治疗机构中如何进行治疗产生了重大影响，也对个人和职业功能有影响。缺乏证据支持任何一种干预措施比其他措施更具优势，这给临床医生和家长都带来了困难。最近的一项综述强调了长期和短期结果（克雷格等人，2015年）。本文综述了药物干预和行为疗法在治疗ADHD中的益处和缺陷。对关于兴奋剂的益处和副作用、行为干预的方法和益处以及联合治疗的效果的关键文章进行了综述。使用以下搜索词在谷歌学术、心理学文摘数据库、医学索引数据库、考科蓝图书馆和护理学与健康领域数据库中进行搜索：注意缺陷多动障碍、ADHD、兴奋剂药物、行为干预、联合治疗、认知疗法、功能与成长。研究发现，兴奋剂在服用期间非常有效。虽然短期益处明显，但长期益处并不明确。行为干预对长期改善执行功能和组织技能起着关键作用。长期随机安慰剂对照研究较少，目前的文献对于哪种干预措施是首选尚无定论。
