School of Psychology, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Jun 5;21(6):736. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21060736.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that is typically managed with pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. In the general population, exposure to nature has been found to have robust beneficial effects on cognitive performance, including attention. With inattention being a factor of the symptomatology of individuals with ADHD, this provides a rationale to investigate the potential benefits of exposure to nature for this population. Four electronic databases (PubMED, PsycINFO, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched for empirical studies investigating the effects of nature on ADHD prevalence and/or symptom severity in populations of school-aged children. Key characteristics, methodologies, and outcomes of included studies were extracted and evaluated. Out of the 458 studies identified, 7 met the inclusion criteria. Despite the large heterogeneity in methodological approaches, the included articles consistently reported that exposure to nature is associated with reduced ADHD diagnoses and symptom severity. Furthermore, when several covariates, such as age, gender, annual household income, parental income, and education level, as well as several pre-natal factors, were controlled for, the relationship between nature and ADHD remained significant. The reviewed literature provides strong support for the benefits of exposure to nature on ADHD in school-aged children.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种常见的神经发育障碍，通常采用药物和心理治疗干预进行治疗。在普通人群中，暴露于自然环境已被发现对认知表现，包括注意力，具有强大的有益影响。由于注意力不集中是 ADHD 患者症状的一个因素，这为研究暴露于自然环境对该人群的潜在益处提供了依据。我们在四个电子数据库（PubMed、PsycINFO、Embase 和 Web of Science）中搜索了调查自然对学龄儿童 ADHD 患病率和/或症状严重程度影响的实证研究。提取并评估了纳入研究的主要特征、方法和结果。在确定的 458 项研究中，有 7 项符合纳入标准。尽管方法学方法存在很大的异质性，但纳入的文章一致报告称，暴露于自然环境与 ADHD 诊断减少和症状严重程度降低有关。此外，当控制了几个协变量，如年龄、性别、家庭年收入、父母收入和教育水平以及几个产前因素时，自然与 ADHD 之间的关系仍然具有统计学意义。综述文献为自然环境对学龄儿童 ADHD 的益处提供了有力支持。
