Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México; Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
Arch Med Res. 2016 Oct;47(7):496-505. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2016.12.007.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disease caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In this regard, it has been demonstrated that Hispanics have a greater susceptibility to developing complex diseases like T2D, which has been attributed to their Amerindian component. Mexico has a wide population variety as a result of Amerindian (56-69%), European (26-41.8%) and African (1.8-6%) ancestral components. The stratification of the population has made difficult the study of T2D in the Mexican population. Despite advances, in Mexico the studies in this field are scarce; 9 of 88 loci associated with type 2 diabetes by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Caucasian populations have been replicated in the Mexican population. Currently, only 19 common variants and two variants of low frequency have been associated with T2D in Mexico. With respect to the private genetic variation in Mexican population, only one haplotype and two genetic variants have been described. This confirms the existence of new genetic variants not yet described, exclusive to the Mexican population, which suggests most likely, that there are more genetic variants to discover. Thus, in the present review we aim to bring together in one place all the studies about T2D in Mexico to understand the contribution of the genetic factors in the susceptibility to developing T2D in a Mexican population.
2 型糖尿病（T2D）是一种由遗传和环境因素相互作用引起的复杂疾病。在这方面，已经证明西班牙裔人更容易患上 T2D 等复杂疾病，这归因于他们的美洲原住民成分。墨西哥由于有美洲原住民（56-69%）、欧洲（26-41.8%）和非洲（1.8-6%）祖先成分，因此人口种类繁多。人口的分层使得研究墨西哥人口中的 T2D 变得困难。尽管取得了进展，但在墨西哥，该领域的研究仍然很少；在白人人群中进行的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）与 2 型糖尿病相关的 88 个基因座中有 9 个在墨西哥人群中得到了复制。目前，墨西哥仅发现了 19 个常见变体和 2 个低频变体与 T2D 相关。关于墨西哥人群的个体遗传变异，仅描述了一个单倍型和两个遗传变体。这证实了存在尚未描述的新遗传变体，这些变体仅存在于墨西哥人群中，这表明很可能还有更多的遗传变体有待发现。因此，在本综述中，我们旨在将所有关于墨西哥 T2D 的研究汇集在一个地方，以了解遗传因素在墨西哥人群中易患 T2D 中的贡献。
