Castro-Porras Lilia V, Rojas-Martínez Rosalba, Romero-Martínez Martín, Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A, Escamilla-Nuñez Consuelo
Policies, Population and Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Reproductive Health Department, Center for Population Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Mexico City, Mexico.
AJPM Focus. 2023 Feb 21;2(2):100087. doi: 10.1016/j.focus.2023.100087. eCollection 2023 Jun.
Diabetes is a worldwide public health problem. In Mexico, diabetes was the third leading cause of death in the total population in 2020. The indigenous people in Mexico are approximately 6%. This study aims to estimate the trends in diabetes prevalence from 2000 to 2018 in the group of Mexican indigenous language speakers and to analyze the main sociodemographic (e.g., age, educational and socioeconomic level, and the urbanicity of the area of residence) and clinical (e.g., age of diabetes onset, years with diabetes, and BMI) characteristics of this group.
This cross-sectional study included participants aged ≥20 years from 4 National Health Surveys, 2000-2018. We presented the analyses for indigenous and nonindigenous strata. Logistic models adjusted were used to estimate the trend of diabetes in the study period.
We found a significant increase in the prevalence of diabetes in the indigenous group. This trend in the ORs was maintained when adjusting for age, sex, waist circumference, and area of residence. For the study period, the prevalence change in diagnosed diabetes in the indigenous group was greater than that in the nonindigenous group (OR=6.4, 95% CI=4.1, 8.8 and OR=3.3, 95% CI=2.5, 4.1, respectively). We also found a significant prevalence change in undiagnosed diabetes for the indigenous group (OR=7.7, 95% CI=1.3, 14.6).
In contrast to the results in nonindigenous populations, our main result reveals an increasing probability of being diabetic in the indigenous population from 2006 to 2018. It is necessary to clarify the origin of the accelerated change in diabetes prevalence among the indigenous population in Mexico.
糖尿病是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。在墨西哥，糖尿病在2020年是总人口中第三大死因。墨西哥的原住民约占6%。本研究旨在估计2000年至2018年讲墨西哥原住民语言群体中糖尿病患病率的趋势，并分析该群体的主要社会人口学特征（如年龄、教育和社会经济水平以及居住地区的城市化程度）和临床特征（如糖尿病发病年龄、患糖尿病年限和体重指数）。
这项横断面研究纳入了2000年至2018年4次全国健康调查中年龄≥20岁的参与者。我们对原住民和非原住民阶层进行了分析。使用调整后的逻辑模型来估计研究期间糖尿病的趋势。
我们发现原住民群体中糖尿病患病率显著增加。在调整年龄、性别、腰围和居住地区后，这种比值比的趋势得以维持。在研究期间，原住民群体中已诊断糖尿病的患病率变化大于非原住民群体（比值比分别为6.4，95%置信区间为4.1，8.8和比值比为3.3，95%置信区间为2.5，4.1）。我们还发现原住民群体中未诊断糖尿病的患病率也有显著变化（比值比为7.7，95%置信区间为1.3，14.6）。
与非原住民人群的结果相反，我们的主要结果显示，2006年至2018年原住民人群患糖尿病的概率在增加。有必要弄清墨西哥原住民人群中糖尿病患病率加速变化的根源。
