Newton Emily K, Thompson Ross A, Goodman Miranda
University of California, Davis.
Eckerd College.
Child Dev. 2016 Nov;87(6):1715-1726. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12631.
Latent class logistic regression analysis was used to investigate sources of individual differences in profiles of prosocial behavior. Eighty-seven 18-month-olds were observed in tasks assessing sharing with a neutral adult, instrumentally helping a neutral adult, and instrumentally helping a sad adult. Maternal mental state language (MSL) and maternal sensitivity were also assessed. Despite differing motivational demands across tasks, we found consistency in children's prosocial behavior with three latent classes: no prosocial behavior, moderate prosocial behavior, and frequent instrumental helping across emotional situations. Maternal sensitivity, MSL, and their interaction predicted toddlers' membership in the classes. These findings evidence moderate consistency in early prosocial behaviors and suggest that these capacities are motivated in early relationships with caregivers.
潜在类别逻辑回归分析用于研究亲社会行为特征中个体差异的来源。对87名18个月大的幼儿进行了观察，这些任务评估了他们与中立成年人分享、工具性地帮助中立成年人以及工具性地帮助悲伤成年人的情况。同时还评估了母亲的心理状态语言（MSL）和母亲的敏感性。尽管不同任务的动机要求不同，但我们发现儿童的亲社会行为在三个潜在类别中具有一致性：无亲社会行为、适度亲社会行为以及在不同情绪情境下频繁的工具性帮助。母亲的敏感性、MSL及其相互作用预测了幼儿在这些类别中的归属。这些发现证明了早期亲社会行为具有适度的一致性，并表明这些能力在与照顾者的早期关系中受到激发。
