Maslovarić Marijana D, Vukmirović Đuro, Pezo Lato, Čolović Radmilo, Jovanović Rade, Spasevski Nedeljka, Tolimir Nataša
a Institute for Science Application in Agriculture , Belgrade , Serbia.
b Faculty of Technology , University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2017 Aug;34(8):1353-1363. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1303851.
Apple pomace (AP) is the main by-product of apple juice production. Large amounts of this material disposed into landfills can cause serious environmental problems. One of the solutions is to utilise AP as animal feed. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of dried AP inclusion into model mixtures made from conventional feedstuffs on pellet quality and pellet press performance. Three model mixtures, with different ratios of maize, sunflower meal and AP, were pelleted. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied when designing the experiment. The simultaneous and interactive effects of apple pomace share (APS) in the mixtures, die thickness (DT) of the pellet press and initial moisture content of the mixtures (M), on pellet quality and production parameters were investigated. Principal component analysis (PCA) and standard score (SS) analysis were applied for comprehensive analysis of the experimental data. The increase in APS led to an improvement of pellet quality parameters: pellet durability index (PDI), hardness (H) and proportion of fines in pellets. The increase in DT and M resulted in pellet quality improvement. The increase in DT and APS resulted in higher energy consumption of the pellet press. APS was the most influential variable for PDI and H calculation, while APS and DT were the most influential variables in the calculation of pellet press energy consumption. PCA showed that the first two principal components could be considered sufficient for data representation. In conclusion, addition of dried AP to feed model mixtures significantly improved the quality of the pellets.
苹果渣（AP）是苹果汁生产的主要副产品。大量这种物质被丢弃到垃圾填埋场会导致严重的环境问题。解决方案之一是将苹果渣用作动物饲料。本研究的目的是调查将干燥的苹果渣添加到由传统饲料原料制成的模型混合物中对颗粒质量和制粒机性能的影响。制备了三种不同玉米、葵花籽粕和苹果渣比例的模型混合物颗粒。在设计实验时应用了响应面法（RSM）。研究了混合物中苹果渣份额（APS）、制粒机模孔厚度（DT）和混合物初始水分含量（M）对颗粒质量和生产参数的同时和交互作用。应用主成分分析（PCA）和标准分数（SS）分析对实验数据进行综合分析。APS的增加导致颗粒质量参数的改善：颗粒耐久性指数（PDI）、硬度（H）和颗粒中细粉的比例。DT和M的增加导致颗粒质量提高。DT和APS的增加导致制粒机能耗更高。APS是计算PDI和H时最有影响的变量，而APS和DT是计算制粒机能耗时最有影响的变量。PCA表明前两个主成分足以代表数据。总之，向饲料模型混合物中添加干燥的苹果渣显著提高了颗粒质量。
