Differences in the Importance of Mast Cells, Basophils, IgE, and IgG versus That of CD4 T Cells and ILC2 Cells in Primary and Secondary Immunity to Strongyloides venezuelensis.

There is evidence that mast cells, basophils, and IgE can contribute to immune responses to parasites; however, the relative levels of importance of these effector elements in parasite immunity are not fully understood. Previous work in -deficient and c- mutant mice indicated that interleukin-3 and c-Kit contribute to expulsion of the intestinal nematode during primary infection. Our findings in mast cell-deficient mice and two types of mast cell-deficient mice that have normal c- ("Hello ty" and MasTRECK mice) confirmed prior work in mice that suggested that mast cells play an important role in egg clearance in primary infections. We also assessed a possible contribution of basophils in immune responses to By immunohistochemistry, we found that numbers of basophils and mast cells were markedly increased in the jejunal mucosa during primary infections with Studies in basophil-deficient mice revealed a small but significant contribution of basophils to egg clearance in primary infections. Studies in mice deficient in various components of immune responses showed that CD4 T cells and ILC2 cells, IgG, FcRγ, and, to a lesser extent, IgE and FcεRI contribute to effective immunity in primary infections. These findings support the conclusion that the hierarchy of importance of immune effector mechanisms in primary infection is as follows: CD4 T cells/ILC2 cells, IgG, and FcRγ>mast cells>IgE and FcεRI>basophils. In contrast, in secondary infection, our evidence indicates that the presence of CD4 T cells is of critical importance but mast cells, antibodies, and basophils have few or no nonredundant roles.