Wettlaufer Ashley, Florica Roxana O, Asbridge Mark, Beirness Douglas, Brubacher Jeffrey, Callaghan Russell, Fischer Benedikt, Gmel Gerrit, Imtiaz Sameer, Mann Robert E, McKiernan Anna, Rehm Jürgen
Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada.
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017 Apr 1;173:185-190. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.024. Epub 2017 Feb 20.
In 2012, 10% of Canadians used cannabis and just under half of those who use cannabis were estimated to have driven under the influence of cannabis. Substantial evidence has accumulated to indicate that driving after cannabis use increases collision risk significantly; however, little is known about the extent and costs associated with cannabis-related traffic collisions. This study quantifies the costs of cannabis-related traffic collisions in the Canadian provinces.
Province and age specific cannabis-attributable fractions (CAFs) were calculated for traffic collisions of varying severity. The CAFs were applied to traffic collision data in order to estimate the total number of persons involved in cannabis-attributable fatal, injury and property damage only collisions. Social cost values, based on willingness-to-pay and direct costs, were applied to estimate the costs associated with cannabis-related traffic collisions. The 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Monte Carlo methodology.
Cannabis-attributable traffic collisions were estimated to have caused 75 deaths (95% CI: 0-213), 4407 injuries (95% CI: 20-11,549) and 7794 people (95% CI: 3107-13,086) were involved in property damage only collisions in Canada in 2012, totalling $1,094,972,062 (95% CI: 37,069,392-2,934,108,175) with costs being highest among younger people.
The cannabis-attributable driving harms and costs are substantial. The harm and cost of cannabis-related collisions is an important factor to consider as Canada looks to legalize and regulate the sale of cannabis. This analysis provides evidence to help inform Canadian policy to reduce the human and economic costs of drug-impaired driving.
2012年，10%的加拿大人使用大麻，据估计，在使用大麻的人群中，近一半人在受大麻影响的情况下驾驶。大量证据表明，吸食大麻后驾车会显著增加碰撞风险；然而，对于与大麻相关的交通碰撞的范围和成本知之甚少。本研究对加拿大各省与大麻相关的交通碰撞成本进行了量化。
针对不同严重程度的交通碰撞，计算了特定省份和年龄的大麻归因分数（CAF）。将CAF应用于交通碰撞数据，以估计仅涉及大麻归因的致命、受伤和财产损失碰撞的总人数。基于支付意愿和直接成本的社会成本值被用于估计与大麻相关的交通碰撞的成本。使用蒙特卡罗方法计算95%置信区间。
2012年在加拿大，据估计大麻归因的交通碰撞导致75人死亡（95%置信区间：0-213）、4407人受伤（95%置信区间：20-11549），仅涉及财产损失碰撞的有7794人（95%置信区间：3107-13086），总计1094972062加元（95%置信区间：37069392-2934108175），成本在年轻人中最高。
大麻归因的驾驶危害和成本巨大。随着加拿大考虑将大麻销售合法化并进行监管，与大麻相关碰撞的危害和成本是一个需要考虑的重要因素。该分析提供了证据，有助于为加拿大减少药物影响驾驶的人力和经济成本的政策提供参考。
