美国的同时饮酒/吸食大麻与酒后驾车行为
Simultaneous Alcohol/Cannabis Use and Driving Under the Influence in the U.S.
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York.
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York.
出版信息
Am J Prev Med. 2022 May;62(5):661-669. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.11.009. Epub 2022 Feb 8.
INTRODUCTION
Alcohol and cannabis are commonly involved in motor vehicle crashes and fatalities. This study examines whether simultaneous use of alcohol/cannabis is associated with higher odds of reporting driving under the influence of alcohol and cannabis in the U.S.
METHODS
Drivers aged ≥16 years with any past-year alcohol and cannabis use in the 2016-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N=34,514) reported any past-year driving under the influence of alcohol-only, cannabis-only, both alcohol/cannabis, or not driving under the influence. Survey-weighted associations between simultaneous alcohol/cannabis use and each of the driving under the influence outcomes were computed adjusting for sociodemographics and daily alcohol/cannabis use. Analyses were conducted from November 2020 to September 2021.
RESULTS
In 2016-2019, 42% of drivers with past-year alcohol and cannabis use reported driving under the influence (8% alcohol-only, 20% cannabis-only, 14% alcohol/cannabis). Simultaneous alcohol/cannabis use was associated with 2.88-times higher adjusted odds of driving under the influence of cannabis-only (95% CI=2.59, 3.19) and 3.51-times higher adjusted odds of driving under the influence of both alcohol/cannabis (95% CI=3.05, 4.05), compared to not driving under the influence. Associations with driving under the influence of alcohol-only were unexpectedly in the opposite direction (adjusted conditional odds ratio=0.59, 95% CI=0.45, 0.79).
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, 2 in 5 drivers who used alcohol and cannabis reported driving under the influence of alcohol and/or cannabis. People reporting simultaneous alcohol/cannabis use were more likely to report cannabis-related driving under the influence. Prevention strategies should target individuals reporting simultaneous alcohol/cannabis use to reduce the occurrence of driving under the influence.
简介
酒精和大麻通常与机动车事故和死亡有关。本研究旨在探讨在美国，同时使用酒精/大麻是否与更大概率报告酒后驾驶及同时使用酒精/大麻后驾车的可能性更高有关。
方法
2016-2019 年，在全国药物使用与健康调查（NSDUH）中，年龄≥16 岁且过去一年有任何酒精和大麻使用史的司机报告了过去一年仅因酒精、仅因大麻、同时因酒精/大麻或未因影响而驾车的情况。在调整了社会人口统计学和每日酒精/大麻使用情况后，计算了同时使用酒精/大麻与每种影响下驾驶的可能性之间的调查加权关联。分析于 2020 年 11 月至 2021 年 9 月进行。
结果
2016-2019 年，42%过去一年有酒精和大麻使用史的司机报告了酒后驾车（8%仅因酒精，20%仅因大麻，14%同时因酒精/大麻）。同时使用酒精/大麻与大麻单独驾车的调整后比值比（adjusted odds ratio，AOR）为 2.88 倍（95%可信区间[CI]：2.59，3.19），与同时使用酒精/大麻后驾车的 AOR 为 3.51 倍（95%CI：3.05，4.05），与未酒后驾车相比。与仅因酒精而驾车的关联呈相反方向（调整后的条件比值比[adjusted conditional odds ratio，aCOR]=0.59，95%CI：0.45，0.79）。
结论
总体而言，过去一年有 5 分之 2 的同时使用酒精和大麻的司机报告了酒精和/或大麻相关的酒后驾车。报告同时使用酒精/大麻的人更有可能报告与大麻相关的酒后驾车。预防策略应针对同时使用酒精/大麻的个人，以减少酒后驾车的发生。
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