Brand-Miller Jennie C, Barclay Alan W
Charles Perkins Center and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and
Accredited Practising Dietitian, Sydney, Australia.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Apr;105(4):854-863. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.145318. Epub 2017 Mar 8.
Reduced intakes of added sugars and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have been the main focus of efforts to stall obesity. Although obesity has risen steeply in Australia, some evidence suggests that added-sugars and SSB intakes have declined over the same time frame. We investigated recent trends in the availability of sugars and sweeteners and changes in intakes of total sugars, added sugars, and SSBs in Australia by using multiple, independent data sources. The study was designed to compare relevant data published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO Statistics Division Database (FAOSTAT)], the Australian government, academia, and the food industry. With the use of the FAOSTAT food balance sheets for Australia, the per capita availability of added or refined sugars and sweeteners was shown to have fallen 16% from 152 g/d in 1980 to 127 g/d in 2011 (-trend = 0.001). In national dietary surveys in 1995 and 2011-2012, added-sugars intake declined markedly in adult men (from 72 to 59 g/d; -18%) but not in women (44-42 g/d; NS). As a proportion of total energy, added-sugars intake fell 10% in adult men but nonsignificantly in adult women. Between 1995 and 2011-2012, the proportion of energy from SSBs (including 100% juice) declined 10% in adult men and 20% in women. More marked changes were observed in children aged 2-18 y. Data from national grocery sales indicated that per capita added-sugars intakes derived from carbonated soft drinks fell 26% between 1997 and 2011 (from 23 to 17 g/d) with similar trends for noncarbonated beverages. In Australia, 4 independent data sets confirmed shorter- and longer-term declines in the availability and intake of added sugars, including those contributed by SSBs. The findings challenge the widespread belief that energy from added sugars or sugars in solution are uniquely linked to the prevalence of obesity.
减少添加糖和含糖饮料（SSB）的摄入量一直是阻止肥胖的主要努力方向。尽管澳大利亚的肥胖率急剧上升，但一些证据表明，在同一时期内添加糖和SSB的摄入量有所下降。我们利用多个独立数据源，调查了澳大利亚糖类和甜味剂供应的近期趋势以及总糖、添加糖和SSB摄入量的变化。该研究旨在比较联合国粮食及农业组织[粮农组织统计司数据库（FAOSTAT）]、澳大利亚政府、学术界和食品行业公布的相关数据。利用粮农组织澳大利亚的食物平衡表，添加或精制糖及甜味剂的人均供应量显示从1980年的152克/天降至2011年的127克/天，下降了16%（趋势=-0.001）。在1995年以及2011 - 2012年的全国饮食调查中，成年男性的添加糖摄入量显著下降（从72克/天降至59克/天；-18%），但成年女性没有下降（44 - 42克/天；无显著差异）。作为总能量的一部分，成年男性的添加糖摄入量下降了10%，成年女性则无显著变化。在1995年至2011 - 2012年期间，来自SSB（包括100%果汁）的能量比例在成年男性中下降了10%，在成年女性中下降了20%。在2至18岁的儿童中观察到了更显著的变化。全国食品杂货销售数据表明，1997年至2011年期间，碳酸软饮料中的人均添加糖摄入量下降了26%（从23克/天降至17克/天），非碳酸饮料也有类似趋势。在澳大利亚，4个独立数据集证实了添加糖（包括SSB中的添加糖）的供应和摄入量在短期和长期内都有所下降。这些发现挑战了一种普遍的观点，即添加糖或溶液中的糖所提供的能量与肥胖患病率有独特的关联。
