Research Department of Physical Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 800002, China.
School of Physical Education, Chizhou University, Chizhou, 247000, China.
BMC Pediatr. 2022 Oct 7;22(1):582. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03646-y.
Malnutrition or insufficient physical activity (PA) is a risk factor for obesity and chronic disease in children and adolescents. Affected by different economic circumstance, ethnic, dietary behavior, physical activity and other factors, children and adolescents in Xinjiang, China are facing a severe situation of overweight and obesity prevention and control. It is necessary to analyze the dietary behavior and physical activity of children and adolescents with different nutritional status and the relationship between them.
Using a stratified cluster sampling method in Xinjiang, China, 4833 middle school students aged 13-18 were selected., and tests for height and weight were conducted. Self-assessment questionnaires were completed for Dietary Behaviors, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behaviors as well. Chi-square test, Logistic regression analysis and other methods were used to analyze the relationship between Dietary Behaviors, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors and other health behavior risk factors and Weight and BMI.
Children and adolescents aged 13-18 in Xinjiang, China, girls had a lower BMI compared with boys(19.49 VS. 20.41). The proportions of Underweight, Overweight and Obese among girls were lower (Underweight: 11.8 VS. 14.5; Overweight: 7.6 VS. 12.7; Obese 2.3 VS. 7.0).Boys with higher risk of sedentary had a 1.46-fold higher risk of developing Overweight/Obese than those with lower risk of sedentary (95%CI: 1.07-2.01).Girls with higher risky diet had a 1.56-fold higher risk of developing Underweight than those with lower risky diet (95%CI: 1.11-2.19). For all participants, the risk of Overweight/Obese in children and adolescents with higher risk of sedentary was 1.45 times more than that of children and adolescents with lower Risk sedentary (95%CI: 1.12 ~ 1.88). Overall, Weight had a significant correlation with PA risk (r = 0.076, P < 0.01) and sedentary behavior risk (r = 0.035, P < 0.05). BMI had a key correlation with PA risk (r = 0.064, P < 0.01) and sedentary behavior risk (r = 0.037, P < 0.05).
The detection rate of Underweight among children and adolescents aged 13-18 in Xinjiang, China is higher, while the detection rate of Overweight and Obese is lower than that of the whole country. Static behavior was an important factor affecting the occurrence of Overweight and Obese in children and adolescents, and the performance of boys was more obvious than that of girls.The results further improve the data on the weight status of Chinese children and adolescents and their influencing factors, and call on Chinese society and schools to continue their efforts to prevent and reduce malnutrition and obesity among children and adolescents in Xinjiang.
营养不良或体力活动不足是儿童和青少年肥胖和慢性病的危险因素。受不同经济环境、民族、饮食行为、体力活动等因素影响，中国新疆地区的儿童青少年正面临着肥胖防控的严峻形势。有必要分析不同营养状况的儿童青少年的饮食行为和体力活动及其之间的关系。
在中国新疆，采用分层整群抽样方法，选取 13-18 岁的 4833 名中学生进行身高和体重测试。并完成饮食行为、体力活动和久坐行为的自我评估问卷。采用卡方检验、Logistic 回归分析等方法分析饮食行为、体力活动、久坐行为等健康行为危险因素与体重和 BMI 的关系。
中国新疆 13-18 岁青少年中，女生的 BMI 低于男生（19.49 VS. 20.41）。女生的消瘦、超重和肥胖比例较低（消瘦：11.8 VS. 14.5；超重：7.6 VS. 12.7；肥胖 2.3 VS. 7.0）。与低风险静坐行为的男孩相比，高风险静坐行为的男孩超重/肥胖的风险增加 1.46 倍（95%CI：1.07-2.01）。饮食风险较高的女孩比饮食风险较低的女孩更容易出现消瘦，风险比为 1.56（95%CI：1.11-2.19）。对于所有参与者，与低风险静坐行为的儿童和青少年相比，高风险静坐行为的儿童和青少年超重/肥胖的风险增加 1.45 倍（95%CI：1.12-1.88）。总的来说，体重与体力活动风险（r=0.076，P<0.01）和静坐行为风险（r=0.035，P<0.05）呈显著正相关。BMI 与体力活动风险（r=0.064，P<0.01）和静坐行为风险（r=0.037，P<0.05）呈显著正相关。
中国新疆 13-18 岁青少年消瘦检出率较高，超重和肥胖检出率低于全国平均水平。静态行为是影响儿童青少年超重和肥胖发生的重要因素，且男孩的表现比女孩更为明显。研究结果进一步完善了中国儿童青少年体重状况及其影响因素的数据，呼吁中国社会和学校继续努力预防和减少新疆儿童青少年的营养不良和肥胖。
