Gupta Nishant, Grover Hemal, Bansal Itisha, Hooda Kusum, Sapire Joshua M, Anand Rama, Kumar Yogesh
Department of Radiology, Saint Vincent's Medical Center, Bridgeport, CT, USA.
Department of Neuroradiology, NYU Lagone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2017 Feb;7(1):123-131. doi: 10.21037/qims.2017.02.01.
Neonatal bacterial meningitis is a common manifestation of late onset neonatal sepsis. Cranial sonography (CRS) has a crucial role in assessment of infants with clinical suspicion of bacterial meningitis as well as follows up of its complications. CRS is performed with high frequency transducer through anterior fontanelle in both coronal and sagittal planes. Various sonographic findings range from echogenic and widened sulci, ventriculomegaly, ventriculitis, hydrocephalus, extra-axial fluid collections, cerebritis and brain abscess. Sonography is extremely beneficial in evaluating intraventricular contents, especially debris and intraventricular septations. Linear high frequency probe along with color Doppler interrogation are of utmost importance in evaluating extra-axial fluid collection and helps differentiating it from benign subarachnoid space enlargement. Due to low cost, easy portability, speed of imaging, no need for sedation and above all lack of ionizing radiation make it superior to other cross sectional imaging, like CT and MRI, in evaluation of these sick neonates. Apart from textbooks, there is paucity of recently available literature on cranial sonographic findings in neonatal meningitis. This article is written with an educational intent to review the spectrum of findings in neonatal meningitis, with stress on findings that will be beneficial in the clinical practice.
新生儿细菌性脑膜炎是晚发型新生儿败血症的常见表现。头颅超声检查（CRS）在评估临床怀疑患有细菌性脑膜炎的婴儿及其并发症的随访中起着关键作用。CRS通过前囟门使用高频探头在冠状面和矢状面进行。各种超声检查结果包括脑沟回声增强和增宽、脑室扩大、脑室炎、脑积水、轴外液体积聚、脑炎和脑脓肿。超声检查在评估脑室内内容物，特别是碎屑和脑室内分隔方面非常有益。线性高频探头结合彩色多普勒检查对于评估轴外液体积聚至关重要，并有助于将其与良性蛛网膜下腔扩大区分开来。由于成本低、便于携带、成像速度快、无需镇静，最重要的是缺乏电离辐射，使其在评估这些患病新生儿时优于其他断层成像，如CT和MRI。除了教科书外，关于新生儿脑膜炎头颅超声检查结果的近期文献很少。本文旨在通过回顾新生儿脑膜炎的各种检查结果，重点关注对临床实践有益的结果，以达到教育目的。
