Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
Trends Biotechnol. 2017 Apr;35(4):334-346. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.10.002. Epub 2016 Oct 27.
Glycosylation is an integral post-translational modification present in more than half of all eukaryotic proteins. It affects key protein functions, including folding, stability, and immunogenicity. Glycoengineering approaches, such as the use of bacterial N-glycosylation systems, or expression systems, including yeasts, insect cells, and mammalian cells, have enabled access to defined and homogenous glycoproteins. Given that glycan structures on proteins can be recognized by host lectin receptors, they may facilitate cell-specific targeting and immune modulation. Myeloid C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed by antigen-presenting cells are attractive targets to shape immune responses. Multivalent glycan display on nanoparticles, liposomes, or dendrimers has successfully enabled CLR targeting. In this review, we discuss novel strategies to access defined glycan structures and highlight CLR targeting approaches for immune modulation.
糖基化是一种完整的翻译后修饰，存在于超过一半的真核蛋白中。它影响关键的蛋白质功能，包括折叠、稳定性和免疫原性。糖基工程方法，如使用细菌 N-糖基化系统，或表达系统，包括酵母、昆虫细胞和哺乳动物细胞，已经能够获得定义明确和均一的糖蛋白。鉴于蛋白质上的聚糖结构可以被宿主凝集素受体识别，它们可能有助于细胞特异性靶向和免疫调节。抗原呈递细胞表达的髓样 C 型凝集素受体 (CLR) 是调节免疫反应的有吸引力的靶标。多价聚糖在纳米颗粒、脂质体或树枝状聚合物上的展示成功地实现了 CLR 的靶向。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了获得定义明确的聚糖结构的新策略，并强调了用于免疫调节的 CLR 靶向方法。
