Busold Stefanie, Nagy Noémi A, Tas Sander W, van Ree Ronald, de Jong Esther C, Geijtenbeek Teunis B H
Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Front Immunol. 2020 Feb 7;11:134. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00134. eCollection 2020.
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are important in several immune regulatory processes. These receptors recognize glycans expressed by host cells or by pathogens. Whereas pathogens are recognized through their glycans, which leads to protective immunity, aberrant cellular glycans are now increasingly recognized as disease-driving factors in cancer, auto-immunity, and allergy. The vast variety of glycan structures translates into a wide spectrum of effects on the immune system ranging from immune suppression to hyper-inflammatory responses. CLRs have distinct expression patterns on antigen presenting cells (APCs) controlling their role in immunity. CLRs can also be exploited to selectively target specific APCs, modulate immune responses and enhance antigen presentation. Here we will discuss the role of glycans and their receptors in immunity as well as potential strategies for immune modulation. A special focus will be given to different dendritic cell subsets as these APCs are crucial orchestrators of immune responses in infections, cancer, auto-immunity and allergies. Furthermore, we will highlight the potential use of nanoscale lipid bi-layer structures (liposomes) in targeted immunotherapy.
C型凝集素受体（CLRs）在多个免疫调节过程中发挥重要作用。这些受体可识别宿主细胞或病原体表达的聚糖。病原体通过其聚糖被识别，从而引发保护性免疫，而异常的细胞聚糖如今越来越被视为癌症、自身免疫和过敏等疾病的驱动因素。多种多样的聚糖结构对免疫系统产生广泛影响，从免疫抑制到过度炎症反应不等。CLRs在抗原呈递细胞（APC）上具有独特的表达模式，从而控制其在免疫中的作用。CLRs还可用于选择性靶向特定的APC，调节免疫反应并增强抗原呈递。在此，我们将讨论聚糖及其受体在免疫中的作用以及免疫调节的潜在策略。我们将特别关注不同的树突状细胞亚群，因为这些APC是感染、癌症、自身免疫和过敏中免疫反应的关键协调者。此外，我们将强调纳米级脂质双分子层结构（脂质体）在靶向免疫治疗中的潜在用途。
