性激素和性染色体导致心血管疾病发展中的性别差异。
Sex Hormones and Sex Chromosomes Cause Sex Differences in the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases.
作者信息
Arnold Arthur P, Cassis Lisa A, Eghbali Mansoureh, Reue Karen, Sandberg Kathryn
机构信息
From the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles (A.P.A.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington (L.A.C.); Department of Anesthesiology (M.E.) and Department of Human Genetics (K.R.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; and Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (K.S.).
出版信息
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2017 May;37(5):746-756. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.116.307301. Epub 2017 Mar 9.
This review summarizes recent evidence concerning hormonal and sex chromosome effects in obesity, atherosclerosis, aneurysms, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and hypertension. Cardiovascular diseases occur and progress differently in the 2 sexes, because biological factors differing between the sexes have sex-specific protective and harmful effects. By comparing the 2 sexes directly, and breaking down sex into its component parts, one can discover sex-biasing protective mechanisms that might be targeted in the clinic. Gonadal hormones, especially estrogens and androgens, have long been found to account for some sex differences in cardiovascular diseases, and molecular mechanisms mediating these effects have recently been elucidated. More recently, the inherent sexual inequalities in effects of sex chromosome genes have also been implicated as contributors in animal models of cardiovascular diseases, especially a deleterious effect of the second X chromosome found in females but not in males. Hormonal and sex chromosome mechanisms interact in the sex-specific control of certain diseases, sometimes by opposing the action of the other.
本综述总结了近期有关激素和性染色体在肥胖、动脉粥样硬化、动脉瘤、缺血/再灌注损伤及高血压方面作用的证据。心血管疾病在两性中的发生和发展有所不同，因为两性之间存在差异的生物学因素具有性别特异性的保护和有害作用。通过直接比较两性，并将性别分解为其组成部分，可以发现可能在临床上作为靶点的性别偏向性保护机制。长期以来，人们发现性腺激素，尤其是雌激素和雄激素，是心血管疾病中某些性别差异的原因，并且介导这些作用的分子机制最近已得到阐明。最近，性染色体基因效应中固有的性别不平等也被认为是心血管疾病动物模型中的促成因素，尤其是在雌性而非雄性中发现的第二条X染色体的有害作用。激素和性染色体机制在某些疾病的性别特异性控制中相互作用，有时是通过对抗另一方的作用来实现的。
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