Sutin A R, Kerr J A, Terracciano A
Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahasse, FL, USA.
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2017 Jul;41(7):1056-1061. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2017.62. Epub 2017 Mar 10.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In adulthood, conscientiousness and neuroticism are correlates of body weight and weight gain. The present research examines whether the childhood antecedents of these traits, persistence and negative reactivity, respectively, are associated with weight gain across childhood. We likewise examine sociability as a predictor of childhood weight gain and whether these three traits are associated with weight concerns and weight-management strategies in adolescence.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Participants (N=4153) were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, an ongoing, population-based study of child and family health and well-being. At the baseline assessment, caregivers reported on their child's temperament. At every assessment from ages 4-5 to 14-15 years, study children were weighed and measured by trained staff; there were up to six biennial assessments of body mass index and waist circumference. At ages 14-15 years, study children (n=2975) also self-reported on their weight concerns and weight-management strategies.
Study children rated lower in persistence or higher in negative reactivity in early childhood gained more weight between the ages of 4 and 15 years. Sociability was associated with weight gain among girls but not among boys. Lower persistence and higher negative reactivity at ages 4-5 years were also associated with greater weight concerns, restrained eating and use of unhealthy weight-management strategies at ages 14-15 years.
Childhood traits related to conscientiousness and neuroticism are associated with objective weight gain across childhood and with concerns and strategies to manage weight in adolescence. These results are consistent with a lifespan perspective that indicates that trait psychological functioning contributes to health-related markers from childhood through old age.
背景/目的：在成年期，尽责性和神经质与体重及体重增加相关。本研究探讨这些特质在儿童期的先行因素，即坚持性和消极反应性，是否与儿童期的体重增加有关。我们同样考察社交性作为儿童期体重增加的预测因素，以及这三种特质是否与青少年期的体重问题和体重管理策略相关。
对象/方法：参与者（N = 4153）来自澳大利亚儿童纵向研究，这是一项正在进行的基于人群的儿童和家庭健康与幸福研究。在基线评估时，照顾者报告其孩子的气质。从4 - 5岁到14 - 15岁的每次评估中，研究儿童由训练有素的工作人员进行称重和测量；对体重指数和腰围进行了多达六次的两年一次评估。在14 - 15岁时，研究儿童（n = 2975）还自我报告了他们的体重问题和体重管理策略。
幼儿期坚持性得分较低或消极反应性得分较高的研究儿童在4岁至15岁之间体重增加更多。社交性与女孩的体重增加有关，但与男孩无关。4 - 5岁时较低的坚持性和较高的消极反应性也与14 - 15岁时更大的体重问题、饮食限制和使用不健康的体重管理策略有关。
与尽责性和神经质相关的儿童期特质与整个儿童期的客观体重增加以及青少年期的体重问题和体重管理策略有关。这些结果与毕生发展观一致，表明特质心理功能从童年到老年都对健康相关指标有影响。
