Kim Philip S, Fishman Michael A
Center for Interventional Pain Spine and Ageless MD, LLC, 931 East Haverford Road, Suite 202, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19010, USA.
Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2017 Apr;21(4):19. doi: 10.1007/s11916-017-0619-7.
Marijuana has been used both medicinally and recreationally since ancient times and interest in its compounds for pain relief has increased in recent years. The identification of our own intrinsic, endocannabinoid system has laid the foundation for further research.
Synthetic cannabinoids are being developed and synthesized from the marijuana plant such as dronabinol and nabilone. The US Food and Drug Administration approved the use of dronabinol and nabilone for chemotherapy-associated nausea and vomiting and HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) wasting. Nabiximols is a cannabis extract that is approved for the treatment of spasticity and intractable pain in Canada and the UK. Further clinical trials are studying the effect of marijuana extracts for seizure disorders. Phytocannabinoids have been identified as key compounds involved in analgesia and anti-inflammatory effects. Other compounds found in cannabis such as flavonoids and terpenes are also being investigated as to their individual or synergistic effects. This article will review relevant literature regarding medical use of marijuana and cannabinoid pharmaceuticals with an emphasis on pain and headaches.
大麻自古以来就被用于医疗和娱乐，近年来人们对其止痛化合物的兴趣有所增加。我们自身内在的内源性大麻素系统的发现为进一步研究奠定了基础。
正在从大麻植物中开发和合成合成大麻素，如屈大麻酚和纳布隆。美国食品药品监督管理局批准屈大麻酚和纳布隆用于治疗化疗相关的恶心、呕吐以及艾滋病（人类免疫缺陷病毒）消瘦症。纳比西林是一种大麻提取物，在加拿大和英国被批准用于治疗痉挛和顽固性疼痛。进一步的临床试验正在研究大麻提取物对癫痫症的作用。植物大麻素已被确定为参与镇痛和抗炎作用的关键化合物。大麻中发现的其他化合物，如黄酮类化合物和萜类化合物，也正在就其单独或协同作用进行研究。本文将综述有关大麻和大麻素类药物医疗用途的相关文献，重点是疼痛和头痛。
