Key Jaehong, Park Kyeongsoon
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju 26493, Gangwon-do, Korea.
Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Mar 8;18(3):594. doi: 10.3390/ijms18030594.
Current clinical methods for cancer diagnosis and therapy have limitations, although survival periods are increasing as medical technologies develop. In most cancer cases, patient survival is closely related to cancer stage. Late-stage cancer after metastasis is very challenging to cure because current surgical removal of cancer is not precise enough and significantly affects bystander normal tissues. Moreover, the subsequent chemotherapy and radiation therapy affect not only malignant tumors, but also healthy tissues. Nanotechnologies for cancer treatment have the clear objective of solving these issues. Nanoparticles have been developed to more accurately differentiate early-stage malignant tumors and to treat only the tumors while dramatically minimizing side effects. In this review, we focus on recent chitosan-based nanoparticles developed with the goal of accurate cancer imaging and effective treatment. Regarding imaging applications, we review optical and magnetic resonance cancer imaging in particular. Regarding cancer treatments, we review various therapeutic methods that use chitosan-based nanoparticles, including chemo-, gene, photothermal, photodynamic and magnetic therapies.
尽管随着医疗技术的发展，癌症患者的生存期在延长，但目前癌症诊断和治疗的临床方法仍存在局限性。在大多数癌症病例中，患者的生存期与癌症分期密切相关。转移后的晚期癌症很难治愈，因为目前的癌症手术切除不够精确，会对周围正常组织造成显著影响。此外，后续的化疗和放疗不仅会影响恶性肿瘤，还会对健康组织产生影响。用于癌症治疗的纳米技术旨在解决这些问题。已经开发出纳米颗粒，以更准确地区分早期恶性肿瘤，并仅治疗肿瘤，同时将副作用降至最低。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注近期为实现精确癌症成像和有效治疗而开发的基于壳聚糖的纳米颗粒。关于成像应用，我们特别回顾了光学和磁共振癌症成像。关于癌症治疗，我们回顾了使用基于壳聚糖的纳米颗粒的各种治疗方法，包括化学疗法、基因疗法、光热疗法、光动力疗法和磁疗法。
