Panczak Radoslaw, Moser André, Held Leonhard, Jones Philip A, Rühli Frank J, Staub Kaspar
Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Geriatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Econ Hum Biol. 2017 Aug;26:61-69. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2017.01.005. Epub 2017 Mar 1.
Adult height reflects an individual's socio-economic background and offers insights into the well-being of populations. Height is linked to various health outcomes such as morbidity and mortality and has consequences on the societal level. The aim of this study was to describe small-area variation of height and associated factors among young men in Switzerland. Data from 175,916 conscripts (aged between 18.50 and 20.50 years) was collected between 2005 and 2011, which represented approximately 90% of the corresponding birth cohorts. These were analysed using Gaussian hierarchical models in a Bayesian framework to investigate the spatial pattern of mean height across postcodes. The models varied both in random effects and degree of adjustment (professional status, area-based socioeconomic position, and language region). We found a strong spatial structure for mean height across postcodes. The range of height differences between mean postcode level estimates was 3.40cm according to the best fitting model, with the shorter conscripts coming from the Italian and French speaking parts of Switzerland. There were positive socioeconomic gradients in height at both individual and area-based levels. Spatial patterns for height persisted after adjustment for individual factors, but not when language region was included. Socio-economic position and cultural/natural boundaries such as language borders and mountain passes are shaping patterns of height for Swiss conscripts. Small area mapping of height contributes to the understanding of its cofactors.
成年身高反映了个人的社会经济背景，并有助于洞察人群的健康状况。身高与各种健康结果相关，如发病率和死亡率，并在社会层面产生影响。本研究的目的是描述瑞士年轻男性身高的小区域差异及相关因素。2005年至2011年期间收集了175,916名应征入伍者（年龄在18.50岁至20.50岁之间）的数据，这些数据约占相应出生队列的90%。使用贝叶斯框架下的高斯分层模型对这些数据进行分析，以研究邮政编码区域内平均身高的空间模式。模型在随机效应和调整程度（职业状况、基于区域的社会经济地位和语言区域）方面有所不同。我们发现邮政编码区域内平均身高存在很强的空间结构。根据最佳拟合模型，平均邮政编码水平估计值之间的身高差异范围为3.40厘米，身高较矮的应征入伍者来自瑞士讲意大利语和法语的地区。在个人和基于区域的层面上，身高都存在积极的社会经济梯度。在对个体因素进行调整后，身高的空间模式仍然存在，但当纳入语言区域时则不存在。社会经济地位以及语言边界和山口等文化/自然边界正在塑造瑞士应征入伍者的身高模式。身高的小区域地图有助于理解其辅助因素。
