Vaillancourt Régis, Truong Yen, Karmali Shazya, Kraft Amanda, Manji Selina, Villarreal Gilda, Pouliot Annie
Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario.
Can Pharm J (Ott). 2016 Oct 4;150(1):52-59. doi: 10.1177/1715163516669383. eCollection 2017 Jan-Feb.
Medications that taste unpleasant can be a struggle to administer to children, most often resulting in low adherence rates. Pictograms can be useful tools to improve adherence by conveying information to patients in a way that they will understand.
One-on-one structured interviews were conducted with parents/guardians and with children between the ages of 9 and 17 years at a pediatric hospital. The questionnaire evaluated the comprehension of 12 pictogram sets that described how to mask the taste of medications for children. Pictograms understood by >85% of participants were considered validated. Short-term recall was assessed by asking participants to recall the meaning of each pictogram set.
There were 51 participants in the study-26 (51%) were children aged 9 to 17 years and 25 (49%) were parents or guardians. Most children (54%) had health literacy levels of grade 10 or higher. Most parents and guardians (92%) had at least a high school health literacy level. Six of the 12 pictogram sets (50%) were validated. Eleven of 12 pictogram sets (92%) had a median translucency score greater than 5. All 12 pictogram sets (100%) were correctly identified at short-term recall and were therefore validated.
The addition of validated illustrations to pharmaceutical labels can be useful to instruct on how to mask the taste of medication in certain populations. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical impact of providing illustrated information to populations with low health literacy.
味道不佳的药物很难给儿童服用，这通常导致依从率较低。象形图可以作为有用的工具，通过以患者能够理解的方式传达信息来提高依从性。
在一家儿科医院，对父母/监护人以及9至17岁的儿童进行了一对一的结构化访谈。问卷评估了12组象形图的理解情况，这些象形图描述了如何掩盖儿童药物的味道。超过85%的参与者理解的象形图被视为有效。通过要求参与者回忆每组象形图的含义来评估短期记忆。
该研究共有51名参与者，其中26名（51%）为9至17岁的儿童，25名（49%）为父母或监护人。大多数儿童（54%）的健康素养水平达到10年级或更高。大多数父母和监护人（92%）至少具有高中健康素养水平。12组象形图中有6组（50%）被验证有效。12组象形图中有11组（92%）的半透明评分中位数大于5。所有12组象形图（100%）在短期记忆测试中都被正确识别，因此被验证有效。
在药品标签上添加经过验证的插图有助于指导特定人群如何掩盖药物的味道。需要进一步研究来评估向健康素养较低的人群提供图文信息的临床影响。
