Ma Ke, Lippelt Dominique P, Hommel Bernhard
Cognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University.
Cognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University;
J Vis Exp. 2017 Mar 1(121):54784. doi: 10.3791/54784.
Studies investigating how people represent themselves and their own body often use variants of "ownership illusions", such as the traditional rubber-hand illusion or the more recently discovered enfacement illusion. However, these examples require rather artificial experimental setups, in which the artificial effector needs to be stroked in synchrony with the participants' real hand or face-a situation in which participants have no control over the stroking or the movements of their real or artificial effector. Here, we describe a technique to establish ownership illusions in a setup that is more realistic, more intuitive, and of presumably higher ecological validity. It allows creating the virtual-hand illusion by having participants control the movements of a virtual hand presented on a screen or in virtual space in front of them. If the virtual hand moves in synchrony with the participants' own real hand, they tend to perceive the virtual hand as part of their own body. The technique also creates the virtual-face illusion by having participants control the movements of a virtual face in front of them, again with the effect that they tend to perceive the face as their own if it moves in synchrony with their real face. Studying the circumstances that illusions of this sort can be created, increased, or reduced provides important information about how people create and maintain representations of themselves.
研究人们如何表征自己及其身体的研究通常会使用“所有权错觉”的变体，比如传统的橡胶手错觉或最近发现的面部错觉。然而，这些例子需要相当人为的实验设置，其中人造效应器需要与参与者的真实手部或面部同步被抚摸——在这种情况下，参与者无法控制抚摸动作或其真实或人造效应器的运动。在此，我们描述一种技术，该技术能在更现实、更直观且可能具有更高生态效度的设置中建立所有权错觉。它通过让参与者控制呈现在屏幕上或他们面前虚拟空间中的虚拟手的运动来制造虚拟手错觉。如果虚拟手与参与者自己的真实手部同步移动，他们往往会将虚拟手视为自己身体的一部分。该技术还通过让参与者控制他们面前虚拟面部的运动来制造虚拟脸错觉，同样的效果是，如果虚拟脸与他们的真实面部同步移动，他们往往会将其视为自己的脸。研究能够制造、增强或减少这类错觉的情况，能提供有关人们如何创建和维持自我表征的重要信息。
