Benjet Corina, González-Herrera Irene, Castro-Silva Everardo, Méndez Enrique, Borges Guilherme, Casanova Leticia, Medina-Mora Maria Elena
National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico.
Humboldt State University, California, USA.
J Affect Disord. 2017 Jun;215:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.025. Epub 2017 Mar 9.
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) may lead to scarring, infection, accidental death and psychological distress. Little is known about NSSI in the general population of young adults in developing countries like Mexico. The current study examined the prevalence of any NSSI and each type of NSSI, the prevalence of meeting DSM-5 proposed criteria, and finally the association of NSSI with socio-demographic variables, suicidal behavior and psychiatric disorders.
This study was conducted in a community sample of 1071 young adults between 19 and 26 years of age residents of Mexico City.
The lifetime prevalence of NSSI was 18.56% with females having 87% greater odds. The 12-month prevalence was 3.19%. Only 0.22% of the total sample and 6.96% of those that self-injured in the past 12 months met full criteria proposed by DSM-5, in part due to the lack of reported impairment; 39.99% of those that self-injured reported impairment. Suicidal behavior commonly co-occurred with NSSI. All lifetime anxiety, mood, disruptive behavior and substance use disorders were associated with greater risk for lifetime NSSI whereas only 12-month depression and substance use disorder was associated with greater risk of 12-month NSSI.
The cross-sectional nature of the study precludes conclusions of causality and directionality and the study excluded institutionalized and homeless young adults.
NSSI is a concerning problem in young adults from Mexico City due to the important associations with all types of psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior. Because many who self-injure do not perceive impairment, they are unlikely to seek treatment.
非自杀性自伤（NSSI）可能导致瘢痕形成、感染、意外死亡及心理困扰。在墨西哥等发展中国家的年轻成年人总体人群中，人们对NSSI了解甚少。本研究调查了任何NSSI及每种NSSI类型的患病率、符合《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版（DSM-5）提出标准的患病率，最后研究了NSSI与社会人口学变量、自杀行为及精神障碍之间的关联。
本研究以墨西哥城1071名年龄在19至26岁之间的年轻成年人社区样本为对象。
NSSI的终生患病率为18.56%，女性患病几率高87%。12个月患病率为3.19%。在总样本中，只有0.22%以及在过去12个月中有自伤行为的人中只有6.96%符合DSM-5提出的全部标准，部分原因是缺乏报告的功能损害；在有自伤行为的人中，39.99%报告有功能损害。自杀行为常与NSSI同时出现。所有终生焦虑、情绪、破坏性行为及物质使用障碍都与终生NSSI风险增加有关，而只有12个月的抑郁和物质使用障碍与12个月NSSI风险增加有关。
本研究的横断面性质排除了因果关系和方向性结论，且该研究排除了机构收容和无家可归的年轻成年人。
由于与所有类型的精神障碍及自杀行为有重要关联，NSSI在墨西哥城的年轻成年人中是一个令人担忧的问题。由于许多自伤的人未意识到功能损害，他们不太可能寻求治疗。
