Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
Water Res. 2017 May 15;115:318-328. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.011. Epub 2017 Mar 6.
Incoming sewage water, treated effluent and digested sludge were collected from 11 Swedish sewage treatment plants (STPs) on 3 different days. Analytical protocols were established for a large number of compounds (47) with antimicrobial properties and the collected samples were then screened for the presence of these selected substances. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to analyse the samples. Thirty organic compounds and 10 metals were detected above their respective detection limit. Quaternary ammonium compounds were the most abundant substances in the particulate phases with levels up to 370 μg/g and benzotriazoles were the most common in the aqueous phases with levels up to 24 μg/L. Several compounds with no, or very limited, previously reported data were detected in this study, including chlorhexidine, hexadecylpyridinium chloride and 10-benzalkonium chloride. Some of these were both frequently detected (>60% detection frequency) and found in high levels (up to 19 μg/g d.w. sludge). This study gives a comprehensive overview of the presence in Swedish STPs of a number of antimicrobial substances, providing crucial information in designing relevant studies on potential microbial co- and cross resistance development between antibiotics, biocides, and metals in the sewage system.
进水污水、处理后的废水和消化污泥分别于 3 天从 11 家瑞典污水处理厂（STP）采集。为具有抗菌特性的大量化合物（47 种）建立了分析方案，然后对收集的样品进行了这些选定物质的筛查。采用液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）和电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）对样品进行分析。在 30 种有机化合物和 10 种金属的检测限以上检测到这些物质。季铵化合物是颗粒相中最丰富的物质，浓度高达 370μg/g，苯并三唑是水相中最常见的物质，浓度高达 24μg/L。本研究检测到一些以前报道数据很少或没有的化合物，包括洗必泰、十六烷基氯化吡啶和 10-苯扎氯铵。其中一些化合物的检出率很高（>60%），浓度也很高（高达 19μg/g 干污泥）。本研究全面概述了瑞典 STP 中存在的一些抗菌物质，为设计关于抗生素、杀生剂和金属在污水系统中潜在的微生物协同和交叉耐药性发展的相关研究提供了关键信息。
