Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Nov 1;640-641:327-336. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.304. Epub 2018 May 31.
Antimicrobial compounds, such as biocides and antibiotics, are widely used in society with significant quantities of these chemicals ending up in sewage treatment plants (STPs). In this study, mass flows and removal efficiency in different treatment steps at three Swedish STPs were evaluated for eleven different biocides and antibiotics. Mass flows were calculated at eight different locations (incoming wastewater, water after the first sedimentation step, treated effluent, primary sludge, surplus sludge, digested sludge, dewatered digested sludge and reject water). Samples were collected for a total of nine days over three weeks. The STPs were able to remove 53->99% of the antimicrobial compounds and 0-64% were biodegraded on average in the three STPs. Quaternary ammonium compounds were removed from the wastewater >99%, partly through biodegradation, but 38-96% remained in the digested sludge. Chlorhexidine was not biodegraded but was efficiently removed from the wastewater to the sludge. The biological treatment step was the most important step for the degradation of the studied compounds, but also removed several compounds through the surplus sludge. Compounds that were inefficiently removed included benzotriazoles, trimethoprim and fluconazole. The study provides mass flows and removal efficiencies for several compounds that have been seldom studied.
抗菌化合物，如杀生剂和抗生素，在社会中被广泛使用，大量这类化学物质最终进入污水处理厂（STP）。在这项研究中，评估了三家瑞典 STP 中 11 种不同杀生剂和抗生素在不同处理步骤中的质量流量和去除效率。质量流量在 8 个不同位置（进水、第一次沉淀步骤后的水、处理后的出水、初沉污泥、剩余污泥、消化污泥、脱水消化污泥和回流废水）进行了计算。在三周内共采集了九天的样本。STP 能够去除 53-99%的抗菌化合物，平均有 0-64%在三个 STP 中被生物降解。季铵化合物从废水中去除了>99%，部分是通过生物降解，但 38-96%仍残留在消化污泥中。洗必泰没有被生物降解，但从废水中有效地被去除到污泥中。生物处理步骤是研究化合物降解最重要的步骤，但也通过剩余污泥去除了几种化合物。去除效率低的化合物包括苯并三唑、甲氧苄啶和氟康唑。该研究提供了几种很少被研究的化合物的质量流量和去除效率。
