Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Biosciences Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2017 Apr;44:181-188. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.02.003. Epub 2017 Mar 11.
Genetic engineering has been successfully applied to increase micronutrient content in staple crops. Nutrition evidence is key to ensure scale-up and successful implementation. Unlike conventional plant breeding efforts, research on the efficacy or effectiveness of GM biofortified crops on nutritional status in human populations is lacking. This review reports on the potential role of GM biofortified crops in closing the micronutrient gap - increasing the dietary intake of micronutrients in human populations. To date, one clinical trial in the United States reported a high bio-conversion rate of β-carotene in Golden Rice, and potential effects of GM biofortified crop consumption on dietary intake and nutritional outcomes are promising. However, further research needs to confirm the ex ante assessments in target regions.
遗传工程已成功应用于增加主食作物的微量营养素含量。营养证据是确保扩大规模和成功实施的关键。与传统的植物育种工作不同，缺乏关于转基因生物强化作物对人类营养状况功效或效果的研究。本综述报告了转基因生物强化作物在缩小微量营养素差距方面的潜在作用 - 增加人类对微量营养素的饮食摄入量。迄今为止，美国的一项临床试验报告了黄金大米中β-胡萝卜素的高生物转化率，以及转基因生物强化作物消费对饮食摄入和营养结果的潜在影响是有希望的。然而，需要进一步的研究来证实目标地区的事前评估。
