Department of Psychology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA.
Department of Psychology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA.
Psychiatry Res. 2017 Jun;252:289-295. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.03.014. Epub 2017 Mar 8.
Earlier (Bolinskey et al., 2015), we reported that psychometrically identified schizotypes displayed greater symptom levels and higher incidences of schizophrenia spectrum (schizotypal, schizoid, paranoid, and avoidant) personality disorders (PDs). In this study, 49 schizotypes and 39 matched controls participated in follow-up assessments after two years. Participants were previously identified as schizotypes or controls based on scores on the Chapman Psychosis Proneness Scales (CPPS), and were interviewed at baseline and follow-up with the Personality Disorder Interview for DSM-IV (PDI-IV). At follow-up, schizotypes displayed significantly higher symptom levels compared to controls, with medium to large effects, and appeared to meet criteria for diagnosis of each PD more often than controls, although significant differences were only observed for paranoid PD. Overall, schizotypes were more likely to have met criteria for a diagnosis at either baseline or follow-up. Finally, we observed a widening disparity over time between schizotypes and controls in avoidant and schizoid PDs. These results suggest that schizophrenia spectrum PDs, as well as subthreshold symptoms of these disorders, can represent a greater liability for schizophrenia in individuals identified as at-risk on the basis of psychometric means only. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate that such differences persist, and in some cases increase, over time.
早些时候（Bolinskey 等人，2015 年），我们报告说，通过心理计量学确定的精神分裂症患者表现出更高的症状水平和更高的精神分裂症谱系（精神分裂型、精神分裂样、偏执型和回避型）人格障碍（PD）的发病率。在这项研究中，49 名精神分裂症患者和 39 名匹配的对照组在两年后参加了随访评估。参与者以前根据 Chapman 精神病易感性量表（CPPS）的分数被确定为精神分裂症患者或对照组，并在基线和随访时接受 DSM-IV 人格障碍访谈（PDI-IV）的访谈。在随访时，精神分裂症患者的症状水平明显高于对照组，具有中等至较大的影响，并且似乎比对照组更经常符合每种 PD 的诊断标准，尽管仅观察到偏执型 PD 存在显著差异。总体而言，精神分裂症患者在基线或随访时更有可能符合诊断标准。最后，我们观察到精神分裂症患者和对照组在回避型和精神分裂样 PD 方面的时间差异越来越大。这些结果表明，精神分裂症谱系 PD 以及这些障碍的亚阈值症状，可以代表仅基于心理计量学手段确定为高危个体的精神分裂症更大的易感性。此外，这些发现表明，这些差异持续存在，并且在某些情况下会随着时间的推移而增加。
