Holahan Anne-Lise V, O'Driscoll Gillian A
Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Schizophr Res. 2005 Jul 1;76(1):43-54. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2004.10.005.
Schizophrenic patients have well-documented abnormalities in smooth pursuit eye movements and antisaccade performance. In populations at risk for schizophrenia, smooth pursuit abnormalities are also well documented. Antisaccade deficits have been replicated in high-risk populations as well, but the findings are more variable and the reasons for the variability are not clear. Some evidence suggests that antisaccade deficits increase in high-risk populations in relation to the presence of positive symptoms. Whether antisaccade deficits increase in relation to negative symptoms in high-risk populations is relatively uninvestigated. We evaluated antisaccade and pursuit performance in "psychometric schizotypes" who had elevated scores on either the Perceptual Aberration Scale (PerAb; i.e., positive symptoms) or the Physical Anhedonia Scale (PhysAnh; i.e., negative symptoms) but not both, and in normal controls. We used the standard version of the antisaccade task, for which results in positive-symptom schizotypes have previously been reported, and investigated performance on a gap and overlap version. We replicated the finding that a significantly larger percentage of positive-symptom schizotypes than controls have elevated antisaccade error rates on the standard antisaccade task (P=0.03); the percentage of negative-symptom schizotypes with elevated antisaccade error rates did not differ from that of control subjects. Neither schizotypal group was impaired on the gap or overlap versions of the task. On the pursuit task, a higher percentage of positive- and negative-symptom schizotypes were classified as having deviant performance than control subjects (both Ps<0.04). These findings suggest that antisaccade deficits may be better at identifying high-risk subjects with positive symptoms. Pursuit deficits identified both positive- and negative-symptom schizotypes, but was better at identifying the latter.
精神分裂症患者在平稳跟踪眼球运动和反扫视任务表现方面存在有充分记录的异常。在有精神分裂症风险的人群中，平稳跟踪异常也有充分记录。反扫视缺陷在高危人群中也得到了重复验证，但结果更具变异性，且变异性的原因尚不清楚。一些证据表明，高危人群中的反扫视缺陷与阳性症状的存在有关。高危人群中反扫视缺陷是否与阴性症状有关则相对较少被研究。我们评估了在感知畸变量表（PerAb，即阳性症状）或躯体快感缺乏量表（PhysAnh，即阴性症状）上得分升高但并非两者都升高的“心理测量型分裂型人格”者以及正常对照者的反扫视和跟踪表现。我们使用了反扫视任务的标准版本，此前已有关于阳性症状分裂型人格者结果的报道，并研究了间隙和重叠版本的表现。我们重复了这一发现，即在标准反扫视任务中，阳性症状分裂型人格者中反扫视错误率升高的百分比显著高于对照组（P = 0.03）；反扫视错误率升高的阴性症状分裂型人格者的百分比与对照组受试者没有差异。两个分裂型人格组在任务的间隙或重叠版本中均未受损。在跟踪任务中，阳性和阴性症状分裂型人格者中被归类为表现异常的百分比高于对照组受试者（P值均<0.04）。这些发现表明，反扫视缺陷可能更善于识别有阳性症状的高危受试者。跟踪缺陷识别出了阳性和阴性症状分裂型人格者，但更善于识别后者。
