Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Haripur, Hattar Road Haripur, 22620, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Haripur, Hattar Road Haripur, 22620, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Environ Res. 2017 May;155:385-393. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.024. Epub 2017 Mar 10.
This study quantified the carbon footprint of particleboard production in Pakistan using a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment approach. The system boundary comprised raw materials acquisition, transport, particleboard manufacture and finished product distribution. Primary data were collected through surveys and meetings with particleboard manufacturers. Secondary data were taken from the literature. Greenhouse gas emissions from off-site industrial operations of the particleboard industry represented 52% of the total emissions from the production of 1.0m of particleboard in Pakistan. The on-site industrial operations cause direct greenhouse gas emissions and accounted for 48% of the total emissions. These operations included energy consumption in stationary sources, the company-owned vehicle fleet, and the distribution and marketing of the finished product. The use of natural gas combustion in the stationary and mobile sources, raw material transport and urea-formaldehyde resin production chain accounted for the highest emissions from the particleboard production chain in Pakistan. The identification of the major hotspots in the particleboard production chain can assist the wood panel industry to improve their environmental profile. More efforts are needed to investigate the urea-formaldehyde resin production chain and substitution of roundwood with wood and agri-residues to assess the potential improvements. In addition, renewable energy sources should be encouraged to avoid greenhouse gas emissions by substituting fossil energy. This study also provides a benchmark for future research work to formulate comprehensive greenhouse gas emissions reduction plans, because no previous research work is available on the carbon footprint of particleboard production in Pakistan.
本研究采用从摇篮到大门的生命周期评估方法，量化了巴基斯坦刨花板生产的碳足迹。系统边界包括原材料采购、运输、刨花板制造和成品分销。主要数据通过对刨花板制造商的调查和会议收集。次要数据取自文献。场外工业活动的温室气体排放占巴基斯坦生产 100 万立方米刨花板总排放量的 52%。现场工业活动造成直接温室气体排放，占总排放量的 48%。这些操作包括固定源的能源消耗、公司自有车队以及成品的分销和营销。固定源和移动源中的天然气燃烧、原材料运输和脲醛树脂生产链导致巴基斯坦刨花板生产链的排放最高。确定刨花板生产链中的主要热点可以帮助人造板行业改善其环境状况。需要进一步努力调查脲醛树脂生产链，并替代原木和农林剩余物，以评估潜在的改进。此外，应鼓励使用可再生能源，以替代化石能源，避免温室气体排放。本研究还为未来制定全面温室气体减排计划的研究工作提供了基准，因为以前没有关于巴基斯坦刨花板生产碳足迹的研究工作。
