Smith Bethany, Agarwal Priyanka, Bhowmick Neil A
Department of MedicineSamuel Ochin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of MedicineSamuel Ochin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
Endocr Relat Cancer. 2017 May;24(5):R157-R172. doi: 10.1530/ERC-16-0525. Epub 2017 Mar 13.
The high degree of conservation in microRNA from to humans has enabled relatively rapid implementation of findings in model systems to the clinic. The convergence of the capacity for genomic screening being implemented in the prevailing precision medicine initiative and the capabilities of microRNA to address these changes holds significant promise. However, prostate, ovarian and breast cancers are heterogeneous and face issues of evolving therapeutic resistance. The transforming growth factor-beta () signaling axis plays an important role in the progression of these cancers by regulating microRNAs. Reciprocally, microRNAs regulate actions during cancer progression. One must consider the expression of miRNA in the tumor microenvironment a source of biomarkers of disease progression and a viable target for therapeutic targeting. The differential expression pattern of microRNAs in health and disease, therapeutic response and resistance has resulted in its application as robust biomarkers. With two microRNA mimetics in ongoing restorative clinical trials, the paradigm for future clinical studies rests on the current observational trials to validate microRNA markers of disease progression. Some of today's biomarkers can be translated to the next generation of microRNA-based therapies.
从 到人类，微小RNA的高度保守性使得在模型系统中的研究结果能够相对迅速地应用于临床。在当前的精准医学计划中实施基因组筛查的能力与微小RNA应对这些变化的能力相结合，具有重大前景。然而，前列腺癌、卵巢癌和乳腺癌具有异质性，并且面临着不断演变的治疗耐药性问题。转化生长因子-β（）信号轴通过调节微小RNA在这些癌症的进展中发挥重要作用。相反，微小RNA在癌症进展过程中调节 作用。必须将肿瘤微环境中微小RNA的表达视为疾病进展生物标志物的来源以及治疗靶向的可行靶点。微小RNA在健康与疾病、治疗反应和耐药性方面的差异表达模式使其成为强大的生物标志物。随着两种微小RNA模拟物正在进行恢复性临床试验，未来临床研究的模式取决于当前的观察性试验，以验证疾病进展的微小RNA标志物。当今的一些生物标志物可以转化为下一代基于微小RNA的疗法。
