Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan.
Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan.
Biochimie. 2019 Dec;167:12-24. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.09.001. Epub 2019 Sep 4.
Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are important class of short regulatory RNA molecules involved in regulation of several essential biological processes. In addition to Dicer and Drosha, over the past few years several other gene products are discovered that regulates miRNA biogenesis pathways. Similarly, various models of molecular mechanisms underlying miRNA mediated gene silencing have been uncovered through which miRNA contribute in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Dysregulated miRNA expression has been reported in many cancers manifesting tumor suppressive or oncogenic role. In this review, critical overview of recent findings in miRNA biogenesis, silencing mechanisms and specifically the role of miRNA in breast, ovarian and prostate cancer will be described. Recent advancements in miRNA research summarized in this review will enhance the molecular understanding of miRNA biogenesis and mechanism of action. Also, role of miRNAs in pathogenesis of breast, ovarian and prostate cancer will provide the insights for the use of miRNAs as biomarker or therapeutic agents for the cancers.
微小 RNA（miRNAs）是一类重要的短链调控 RNA 分子，参与调节多种重要的生物学过程。除了 Dicer 和 Drosha，在过去的几年中，还发现了其他几个调节 miRNA 生物发生途径的基因产物。同样，通过揭示 miRNA 参与不同生理和病理过程的分子机制的各种模型，也发现了 miRNA 介导的基因沉默的分子机制。在许多表现出肿瘤抑制或致癌作用的癌症中，miRNA 的表达失调已被报道。在本综述中，将对 miRNA 生物发生、沉默机制以及 miRNA 在乳腺癌、卵巢癌和前列腺癌中的作用的最新发现进行批判性综述。本综述中总结的 miRNA 研究的最新进展将增强对 miRNA 生物发生和作用机制的分子理解。此外，miRNAs 在乳腺癌、卵巢癌和前列腺癌发病机制中的作用将为 miRNA 作为癌症的生物标志物或治疗剂的应用提供见解。
