Lehner Stefanie, Lohan Katja, Dieckhoff Heinz-Josef, Gerdes Ursula
Dr. Ursula Gerdes, Niedersächsische Tierseuchenkasse, Brühlstraße 9, 30159 Hannover, E-Mail:
Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere. 2017 Jun 20;45(3):141-149. doi: 10.15653/TPG-160602. Epub 2017 Mar 14.
Being a notifiable and zoonotic disease, Q-fever is coming under increasing focus of epizootic disease control. Current studies indicate that the disease is more widespread in Germany than the number of notifications suggest. Therefore, since 2013, under certain conditions a hardship allowance is granted by the Animal Diseases Fund of Lower Saxony for the vaccine costs of the basic immunization to support affected farms. Material und methods: All farmers, on whose farms clinical signs of Q-fever and the pathogen Coxiella burnetii had been detected prior to vaccination and who had taken advantage of the hardship allowance during the previous 2 years were surveyed to assess the effectiveness of the measure. The survey was conducted by telephone using a previously compiled questionnaire. The topics included the observed clinical signs in cattle before and after the vaccination and the evaluation of the vaccination.
Clinical manifestations indicating a Q-fever infection may differ widely and include aborts and fertility disorders and/or frequently occurring inflammations (pneumonia, mastitis, metritis) and/or unspecific symptoms presenting as higher susceptibility to disease, weakness, and fever attacks. Following vaccination, the vast majority of the farmers (84 %) observed a marked health improvement in their cattle and two thirds of the respondents intend to continue with the vaccination even without financial support from the Animal Diseases Fund. Adverse effects beyond general vaccination reactions, including transiently elevated body temperature, physical weakness and fluctuations in milk performance, were rarely observed.
The clinical signs for Q-fever were diverse and often unspecific. According to the assessments by the farmers, clinical problems in most cases were considerably reduced following Q-fever vaccination. Vaccination appears to be a valuable tool in the control of this zoonosis.
作为一种须申报的人畜共患病，Q热日益受到动物疫病控制的关注。目前的研究表明，Q热在德国的传播范围比报告的病例数所显示的更广。因此，自2013年以来，在某些情况下，下萨克森州动物疾病基金为基础免疫的疫苗费用提供困难补贴，以支持受影响的农场。材料与方法：对所有在接种疫苗前其农场已检测到Q热临床症状和病原体伯氏考克斯体，且在过去两年内已领取困难补贴的农场主进行调查，以评估该措施的有效性。调查通过电话使用预先编制的问卷进行。调查主题包括接种疫苗前后牛群观察到的临床症状以及对疫苗接种的评价。
表明Q热感染的临床表现可能差异很大，包括流产、繁殖障碍和/或频繁发生的炎症（肺炎、乳腺炎、子宫炎）和/或表现为对疾病易感性增加、虚弱和发热发作的非特异性症状。接种疫苗后，绝大多数农场主（84%）观察到其牛群健康状况明显改善，三分之二的受访者表示，即使没有动物疾病基金的资金支持，他们仍打算继续接种疫苗。除一般疫苗接种反应外的不良反应，包括体温短暂升高、身体虚弱和产奶量波动，很少被观察到。
Q热的临床症状多样，且往往不具特异性。根据农场主的评估，在大多数情况下，Q热疫苗接种后临床问题大幅减少。疫苗接种似乎是控制这种人畜共患病的一种有价值的工具。
