Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
Curr Med Chem. 2018;25(25):2970-2986. doi: 10.2174/0929867324666170314124616.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a promising technique in the early diagnosis of cancers, especially the application of contrast agents can further enhance the detection limit. Compared with the dark signal in "negative" contrast agents (T2), "positive" contrast agents (T1) with bright signal are more desirable for high-resolution imaging. However, the clinically used gadolinium complexes have short circulation time and the risk of nephrogenic system fibrosis. Therefore, to overcome the disadvantage of T2 agents and traditional T1 agents, it is very interesting to develop nano-scaled T1-weighted MRI contrast agents with safer and more precise imaging performance. The present review systematically summarized the recent progress of paramagnetic and superparamagnetic inorganic nanoparticles as T1-weighted MRI contrast agents, including gadolinium oxide nanoparticles, gadoliniumbased upconversion nanoparticles, manganese oxide nanoparticles, and ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles. Moreover, we also described their applications in multi-modal imaging and visualized theranostics.
磁共振成像（MRI）已成为癌症早期诊断中很有前途的技术，特别是对比剂的应用可以进一步提高检测极限。与“阴性”对比剂（T2）的暗信号相比，具有亮信号的“阳性”对比剂（T1）更适合高分辨率成像。然而，临床使用的镧系元素配合物具有短的循环时间和肾源性系统纤维化的风险。因此，为了克服 T2 造影剂和传统 T1 造影剂的缺点，开发具有更安全、更精确成像性能的纳米级 T1 加权 MRI 造影剂非常有趣。本综述系统地总结了作为 T1 加权 MRI 造影剂的顺磁和超顺磁无机纳米粒子的最新进展，包括氧化钆纳米粒子、基于镧系元素的上转换纳米粒子、氧化锰纳米粒子和超小氧化铁纳米粒子。此外，我们还描述了它们在多模态成像和可视化治疗中的应用。
