Rome Ellen S, Issac Veronica
Center for Adolescent Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, A120, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Center for Adolescent Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, A120, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2017 Apr;64(2):371-380. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2016.11.006.
Unplanned or unintended pregnancy remains a significant challenge for adolescents; many teens who plan ahead but opt not to choose long-acting reversible contraceptive methods have high failure rates with condom usage, oral contraceptives, and other less long-acting methods. Emergency contraception (EC) remains a necessity for those adolescents seeking a second chance to prevent the unintended consequences of unplanned sexual activity. At present, 5 postcoital methods remain available as EC globally: intrauterine devices, ulipristal acetate, a selective progesterone modulator, mifepristone; levonorgestrel, and ethinyl estradiol plus levonorgestrel or norgestrel (rarely used now that progestin only methods are more readily available).
意外怀孕对青少年来说仍然是一个重大挑战；许多提前做好计划但选择不采用长效可逆避孕方法的青少年，在使用避孕套、口服避孕药及其他短效避孕方法时失败率很高。紧急避孕对于那些希望获得第二次机会以避免无计划的性行为带来意外后果的青少年来说仍然是必要的。目前，全球范围内仍有5种性交后避孕方法可作为紧急避孕措施使用：宫内节育器、醋酸乌利司他（一种选择性孕激素调节剂）、米非司酮、左炔诺孕酮，以及乙炔雌二醇加左炔诺孕酮或炔诺孕酮（由于现在仅含孕激素的方法更容易获得，这种方法现在很少使用）。
