Razzoli Maria, Pearson Carolyn, Crow Scott, Bartolomucci Alessandro
Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 May;76(Pt A):154-162. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.026. Epub 2017 Mar 11.
Eating disorders and obesity have become predominant in human society. Their association to modern lifestyle, encompassing calorie-rich diets, psychological stress, and comorbidity with major diseases are well documented. Unfortunately the biological basis remains elusive and the pharmacological treatment inadequate, in part due to the limited availability of valid animal models. Human research on binge eating disorder (BED) proves a strong link between stress exposure and bingeing: state-levels of stress and negative affect are linked to binge eating in individuals with BED both in laboratory settings and the natural environment. Similarly, classical animal models of BED reveal an association between acute exposure to stressors and binging but they are often associated with unchanged or decreased body weight, thus reflecting a negative energy balance, which is uncommon in humans where most commonly BED is associated with excessive or unstable body weight gain. Recent mouse models of subordination stress induce spontaneous binging and hyperphagia, altogether more closely mimicking the behavioral and metabolic features of human BED. Therefore the translational relevance of subordination stress models could facilitate the identification of the neurobiological basis of BED and obesity-associated disease and inform on the development of innovative therapies.
饮食失调和肥胖已在人类社会中占据主导地位。它们与现代生活方式的关联，包括高热量饮食、心理压力以及与重大疾病的共病情况，都有充分的文献记载。不幸的是，其生物学基础仍然难以捉摸，药物治疗也不尽人意，部分原因是缺乏有效的动物模型。对暴食症（BED）的人体研究证明了压力暴露与暴饮暴食之间存在紧密联系：在实验室环境和自然环境中，压力和消极情绪的状态水平都与患有BED的个体的暴饮暴食有关。同样，经典的BED动物模型揭示了急性应激源暴露与暴饮暴食之间的关联，但它们通常与体重不变或下降有关，从而反映出负能量平衡，这在人类中并不常见，在人类中，大多数情况下BED与体重过度增加或不稳定有关。最近的从属应激小鼠模型会诱发自发的暴饮暴食和食欲亢进，总体上更紧密地模拟了人类BED的行为和代谢特征。因此，从属应激模型的转化相关性可能有助于确定BED和肥胖相关疾病的神经生物学基础，并为创新疗法的开发提供信息。
