Morie Kristen P, Yip Sarah W, Zhai Zu Wei, Xu Jiansong, Hamilton Kristen R, Sinha Rajita, Mayes Linda C, Potenza Marc N
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; National Center on Addictions and Substance Abuse, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017 May 1;174:23-29. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.011. Epub 2017 Feb 28.
Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) is associated with risk-taking behaviors, including increased initiation of substance use in adolescence. The neurobiological underpinnings of these behaviors in adolescents with PCE are not well understood. The goal of this study was to compare diffusion-weighted imaging data between adolescents with and without PCE using crossing-fiber models, which may provide more comprehensive estimates of white-matter microstructure within regions of multiple (e.g., primary and secondary) fiber orientations.
Thirty-nine PCE individuals and 17 comparably aged prenatally non-drug-exposed (NDE) youths were recruited from a longitudinal cohort followed since birth. White matter was examined using tensor-derived and crossing-fiber models. Whole-brain investigations were performed, as were analyses on seven white-matter regions, which included the splenium, body and genu of the corpus callosum, bilateral cingulum, and the right and left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF).
Whole-brain analyses revealed no group differences. However, ROI analyses for anisotropy estimates derived from the crossing-fiber model revealed significant group differences for secondary fibers, with reduced anisotropy among PCE adolescents compared to prenatally non-exposed youth in the right cingulum and the left SLF, and increased anisotropy in the genu.
Our findings suggest that white-matter differences in PCE adolescents are subtle and localized primarily within secondary fiber orientations, perhaps arising from altered white-matter development.
产前可卡因暴露（PCE）与冒险行为有关，包括青少年时期物质使用起始率增加。PCE青少年这些行为的神经生物学基础尚不清楚。本研究的目的是使用交叉纤维模型比较有和没有PCE的青少年之间的扩散加权成像数据，该模型可能会对多个（例如，初级和次级）纤维方向区域内的白质微观结构提供更全面的估计。
从一个自出生起就进行跟踪的纵向队列中招募了39名PCE个体和17名年龄相仿的产前未接触药物（NDE）的青少年。使用张量衍生模型和交叉纤维模型对白质进行检查。进行了全脑研究，并对七个白质区域进行了分析，其中包括胼胝体压部、体部和膝部、双侧扣带以及左右上纵束（SLF）。
全脑分析未发现组间差异。然而，对交叉纤维模型得出的各向异性估计值进行的ROI分析显示，次级纤维存在显著的组间差异，与产前未接触药物的青少年相比，PCE青少年右侧扣带和左侧SLF的各向异性降低，膝部的各向异性增加。
我们的研究结果表明，PCE青少年的白质差异很细微，主要局限于次级纤维方向，可能是由于白质发育改变所致。
