Dahl-Jensen Svend, Grapin-Botton Anne
DanStem and StemPhys, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
StemPhys, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark.
Development. 2017 Mar 15;144(6):946-951. doi: 10.1242/dev.143693.
Organoids representing a diversity of tissues have recently been created, bridging the gap between cell culture and experiments performed Being small and amenable to continuous monitoring, they offer the opportunity to scrutinize the dynamics of organ development, including the exciting prospect of observing aspects of human embryo development live. From a physicist's perspective, their ability to self-organize - to differentiate and organize cells in space - calls for the identification of the simple rules that underlie this capacity. Organoids provide tractable conditions to investigate the effects of the growth environment, including its molecular composition and mechanical properties, along with the initial conditions such as cell number and type(s). From a theoretical standpoint, different types of modeling can complement the measurements performed in organoids to understand the role of chemical diffusion, contact signaling, differential cell adhesion and mechanical controls. Here, we discuss what it means to take a biophysical approach to understanding organogenesis and how we might expect such approaches to develop in the future.
最近已经创建了代表多种组织的类器官，弥合了细胞培养与所进行实验之间的差距。由于体积小且易于进行连续监测，它们提供了审视器官发育动态的机会，包括实时观察人类胚胎发育各个方面这一令人兴奋的前景。从物理学家的角度来看，它们的自组织能力——在空间中分化和组织细胞——需要确定构成这种能力基础的简单规则。类器官提供了易于处理的条件来研究生长环境的影响，包括其分子组成和机械特性，以及诸如细胞数量和类型等初始条件。从理论角度来看，不同类型的建模可以补充在类器官中进行的测量，以了解化学扩散、接触信号传导、细胞间差异黏附以及机械控制的作用。在这里，我们讨论采用生物物理方法理解器官发生意味着什么，以及我们可能期望这种方法在未来如何发展。
