Krys Kuba, Capaldi Colin A, van Tilburg Wijnand, Lipp Ottmar V, Bond Michael Harris, Vauclair C-Melanie, Manickam L Sam S, Domínguez-Espinosa Alejandra, Torres Claudio, Lun Vivian Miu-Chi, Teyssier Julien, Miles Lynden K, Hansen Karolina, Park Joonha, Wagner Wolfgang, Yu Angela Arriola, Xing Cai, Wise Ryan, Sun Chien-Ru, Siddiqui Razi Sultan, Salem Radwa, Rizwan Muhammad, Pavlopoulos Vassilis, Nader Martin, Maricchiolo Fridanna, Malbran María, Javangwe Gwatirera, Işık İdil, Igbokwe David O, Hur Taekyun, Hassan Arif, Gonzalez Ana, Fülöp Márta, Denoux Patrick, Cenko Enila, Chkhaidze Ana, Shmeleva Eleonora, Antalíková Radka, Ahmed Ramadan A
Institute of Psychology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.
Int J Psychol. 2018 Oct;53 Suppl 1:21-26. doi: 10.1002/ijop.12420. Epub 2017 Mar 14.
Inequalities between men and women are common and well-documented. Objective indexes show that men are better positioned than women in societal hierarchies-there is no single country in the world without a gender gap. In contrast, researchers have found that the women-are-wonderful effect-that women are evaluated more positively than men overall-is also common. Cross-cultural studies on gender equality reveal that the more gender egalitarian the society is, the less prevalent explicit gender stereotypes are. Yet, because self-reported gender stereotypes may differ from implicit attitudes towards each gender, we reanalysed data collected across 44 cultures, and (a) confirmed that societal gender egalitarianism reduces the women-are-wonderful effect when it is measured more implicitly (i.e. rating the personality of men and women presented in images) and (b) documented that the social perception of men benefits more from gender egalitarianism than that of women.
男女之间的不平等现象普遍存在且有充分记录。客观指标显示，在社会等级制度中男性比女性处于更有利的地位——世界上没有一个国家不存在性别差距。相比之下，研究人员发现“女性是出色的”效应——总体而言女性比男性得到更积极的评价——也很常见。关于性别平等的跨文化研究表明，社会的性别平等程度越高，明确的性别刻板印象就越不普遍。然而，由于自我报告的性别刻板印象可能与对每种性别的隐性态度不同，我们重新分析了在44种文化中收集的数据，并且（a）证实，当以更隐性的方式衡量时（即对图片中呈现的男性和女性的性格进行评分），社会性别平等主义会降低“女性是出色的”效应，以及（b）记录表明，与女性相比，男性的社会认知从性别平等主义中受益更多。
