Mamon L A, Ginanova V R, Kliver S F, Yakimova A O, Atsapkina A A, Golubkova E V
Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, St Petersburg State University Universitetskaya nab. 7-9, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
Cytoskeleton (Hoboken). 2017 Apr;74(4):161-169. doi: 10.1002/cm.21362. Epub 2017 Apr 1.
The mutual relationship between mRNA and the cytoskeleton can be seen from two points of view. On the one hand, the cytoskeleton is necessary for mRNA trafficking and anchoring to subcellular domains. On the other hand, cytoskeletal growth and rearrangement require the translation of mRNAs that are connected to the cytoskeleton. β-actin mRNA localization may influence dynamic changes in the actin cytoskeleton. In the cytoplasm, long-lived mRNAs exist in the form of RNP (ribonucleoprotein) complexes, where they interact with RNA-binding proteins, including NXF (Nuclear eXport Factor). Dm NXF1 is an evolutionarily conserved protein in Drosophila melanogaster that has orthologs in different animals. The universal function of nxf1 genes is the nuclear export of different mRNAs in various organisms. In this mini-review, we briefly discuss the evidence demonstrating that Dm NXF1 fulfils not only universal but also specialized cytoplasmic functions. This protein is detected not only in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm. It is a component of neuronal granules. Dm NXF1 marks nuclear division spindles during early embryogenesis and the dense body on one side of the elongated spermatid nuclei. The characteristic features of sbr mutants (sbr and sbr ) are impairment of chromosome segregation and spindle formation anomalies during female meiosis. sbr mutant sterile males with immobile spermatozoa exhibit disturbances in the axoneme, mitochondrial derivatives and cytokinesis. These data allow us to propose that the Dm NXF1 proteins transport certain mRNAs in neurites and interact with localized mRNAs that are necessary for dynamic changes of the cytoskeleton.
mRNA与细胞骨架之间的相互关系可以从两个角度来看。一方面，细胞骨架对于mRNA运输以及锚定到亚细胞区域是必需的。另一方面，细胞骨架的生长和重排需要与细胞骨架相关的mRNA的翻译。β-肌动蛋白mRNA的定位可能会影响肌动蛋白细胞骨架的动态变化。在细胞质中，长寿命mRNA以核糖核蛋白（RNP）复合物的形式存在，在那里它们与包括NXF（核输出因子）在内的RNA结合蛋白相互作用。果蝇中的Dm NXF1是一种进化上保守的蛋白质，在不同动物中都有直系同源物。nxf1基因的普遍功能是在各种生物体中对不同mRNA进行核输出。在这篇小型综述中，我们简要讨论了相关证据，这些证据表明Dm NXF1不仅具有普遍的功能，还具有特殊的细胞质功能。这种蛋白质不仅在细胞核中被检测到，在细胞质中也能被检测到。它是神经元颗粒的一个组成部分。Dm NXF1在早期胚胎发育过程中标记核分裂纺锤体，以及在拉长的精子细胞核一侧的致密体。sbr突变体（sbr和sbr）的特征是在雌性减数分裂过程中染色体分离受损和纺锤体形成异常。精子无法移动的sbr突变体不育雄性在轴丝、线粒体衍生物和胞质分裂方面表现出紊乱。这些数据使我们能够提出，Dm NXF1蛋白在神经突中运输某些mRNA，并与细胞骨架动态变化所必需的定位mRNA相互作用。
