Functional characterization of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in the cereal head blight fungus Fusarium graminearum.

Fusarium graminearum is a prominent plant pathogenic fungus causing Fusarium head blight in major cereal crops worldwide. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying fungal development and virulence, large collections of F. graminearum mutants have been constructed. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are widely distributed in organisms and are involved in a diverse array of molecular/metabolic processes; however, no systematic functional analysis of P450s has been attempted in filamentous fungi. In this study, we constructed a genome-wide deletion mutant set covering 102 P450s and analyzed these mutants for changes in 38 phenotypic categories, including fungal development, stress responses and responses to several xenobiotics, to build a comprehensive phenotypic dataset. Most P450 mutants showing defective phenotypes were impaired in a single phenotypic trait, demonstrating that our mutant library is a good genetic resource for further fungal genetic studies. In particular, we identified novel P450s specifically involved in virulence (5) and both asexual (1) and sexual development (2). Most P450s seem to play redundant roles in the degradation of xenobiotics in F. graminearum. This study is the first phenome-based functional analysis of P450s, and it provides a valuable genetic resource for further basic and applied biological research in filamentous fungi and other plant pathogens.