Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 S 1400E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada.
J Integr Plant Biol. 2017 Jun;59(6):356-389. doi: 10.1111/jipb.12534.
Herein we review the current state-of-the-art of plant hydraulics in the context of plant physiology, ecology, and evolution, focusing on current and future research opportunities. We explain the physics of water transport in plants and the limits of this transport system, highlighting the relationships between xylem structure and function. We describe the great variety of techniques existing for evaluating xylem resistance to cavitation. We address several methodological issues and their connection with current debates on conduit refilling and exponentially shaped vulnerability curves. We analyze the trade-offs existing between water transport safety and efficiency. We also stress how little information is available on molecular biology of cavitation and the potential role of aquaporins in conduit refilling. Finally, we draw attention to how plant hydraulic traits can be used for modeling stomatal responses to environmental variables and climate change, including drought mortality.
在此，我们回顾了植物水力学在植物生理学、生态学和进化背景下的最新研究进展，重点介绍了当前和未来的研究机遇。我们解释了植物中水的运输物理学以及该运输系统的限制，突出了木质部结构和功能之间的关系。我们描述了现有的各种评估木质部抗空化能力的技术。我们讨论了几个方法学问题及其与当前关于导管再填充和指数形脆弱性曲线的争论的联系。我们分析了水运输安全性和效率之间存在的权衡。我们还强调了有关空化的分子生物学以及水通道蛋白在导管再填充中的潜在作用的信息是多么有限。最后，我们提请注意植物水力特性如何用于模拟气孔对环境变量和气候变化（包括干旱死亡）的响应。
